The use of flax seeds in the bread recipe

The article was devoted to research on the creation of a bread recipe using flaxseed products. In order to increase the nutritional and biological value of dietary bread from rye flour, flax seeds are used, which belong to natural raw materials. Flax seeds are a source of the main functional food ingredients and biologically active substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Therefore, the influence of flax seed products on the quality of dough and finished products for obtaining loaves with high nutritional value was investigated. To increase the nutritional and biological value of the loaves, a whole-grain mixture of flax seeds was added in a dosage of 5-20% and 0.3-0.5% dietary fiber from rice husks and a starter culture with the addition of an infusion of flax seeds instead of pressed yeast. As a result of the conducted studies, the optimal option was chosen for the production of dietary snacks with the addition of 10% whole-grain mixture of flaxseed and 0.5% dietary fiber. The content of nutrients in the resulting product has increased, increasing the nutritional and biological value of the loaves. The developed products had high nutritional value and good quality, which allows them to be used in dietary nutrition

Nanostructured Coatings Based on Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Perfluorodecanoic Acid for Flexible Sensors for the Analysis of Lead Ions in Water

As a result of anthropogenic activities, the environment is polluted by heavy metals. The most important task is to find methods to control their content in water. Track-etched membranes (TeMs) can be relatively easily modified by nanometer layers of functional materials with using the Langmuir‒Blodgett technique, which makes it possible to specifically change the structural, selective properties of the membrane surface and obtain new materials with desired properties. The aim of the work was to develop flexible sensors for the analysis of lead ions in water based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) TeMs with perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) nanolayers. Techniques for modifying TeMs based on PET with a monolayer coating based on PFDA by the Langmuir‒Blodgett method, and with two-layer coatings, formed by soaking PET TeMs/PFDA in xylenol orange solutions have been developed. The microstructure and local mechanical properties of the sensor surface were studied by atomic force microscopy, and the wettability and values of the specific surface energy of PET TeMs before and after modification were evaluated using the ''sessile'' drop method. Based on the measurement of electrochemical characteristics, it was found that PET TeMs/PFDA have a higher response of electrochemical characteristics compared to PET TeMs and PET TeMs/PFDA/XO. The limit of detection for lead ions in aqueous solutions at pH = 12 was of 0.652 μg/l within 5 measurements

Гидрофобизация пэтф-поверхностей для разделения эмульсий типа «вода в масле»

The technique of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PETF TMs) modification to increase of water-in-oil emulsions separations is developed. The water-in-oil emulsions separations by using PETF TMs with regular pore geometry and pore sizes 200 and 350 nm is described in the article. PETF TMs were modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane by spin-coating method to increase their hydrophobic properties. The results of changes in the pore diameters and the contact angle after PETF TMs modification are presented. The obtained samples were characterized by AFM, SEM and gas permeability test. Chloroform–water and n-hexadecane–water emulsions have been used as a test liquid for water-in-oil emulsions separations. At an operating vacuum of 700 mbar, the specific filtration performance of chloroform: water emulsions were 51.5 and 932.0 l/(m2 ⋅ h), hexadecane: water were 46.1 and 203.4 l/(m2 ⋅ h) for PETF-200 / OTS and PETF-350 / OTS, respectively. The degree of purification of emulsions by modified membranes according to the refractive index is of 100 %. Obtained membranes can be used to separate oil-water emulsions in order to prevent the corrosion of pipelines and changes of crude oil viscosity, as well as the treatment of water purification from oil industry waste.Разработана модификация поли(этилентерефталатных) трековых мембран (ПЭТФ ТМ) для увеличения разделения водомасляных эмульсий. Описано разделение эмульсий типа «вода в масле» с использованием ПЭТФ ТМ с правильной геометрией пор и размером пор 200 и 350 нм. Мембраны модифицированы октадецилтрихлорсиланом методом спин-коатинга для повышения их гидрофобных свойств. Представлены результаты изменения диаметров пор и угла смачивания после модификации ПЭТФ ТМ. Структура образцов изучена методами атомносиловой и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Методом газопроницаемости определен размер пор мембран. Эмульсии хлороформ–вода и н-гексадекан–вода использовали в качестве тестовой жидкости для разделения эмульсий типа «вода в масле». При вакууме 700 мбар удельные показатели фильтрации эмульсий хлороформ : вода составляли 51,5 и 932,0 л/(м2⋅ч), гексадекан : вода – 46,1 и 203,4 л/(м2⋅ч) для ПЭТФ-200/ОТС и ПЭТФ-350/ОТС соответственно. Степень очистки эмульсий модифицированными мембранами по показателю преломления составила 100 %. Полученные трековые мембраны могут применяться для разделения водонефтяных эмульсий с целью предотвращения коррозии трубопроводов и изменения вязкости нефти, а также при очистке воды от отходов нефтяной промышленности