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    Π€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ частных расходов Π² Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ

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    Private health spending in modern developed countries varies considerably depending on the national policy objectives, selected regulatory instruments as well as general socio-economic conditions.The objective of this paper is to analyze key determinants of private health spending.Materials and Methods. To achieve this objective we analyze academic works dealing with theoretical and empirical studies of private health spending.Results. From the analysis the effects of private health spending determining national health financing policy, significant discretionary (breadth and depth of social healthcare system, public health expenditure, regulatory measures on cost sharing, paid medical services, voluntary health insurance) and non-discretionary factors (relative health services price, income and its distribution, age structure, level of education, political preferences) were highlighted.Conclusion. In developed countries priorities of health private spending regulatory policy now are ensuring accessibility of essential health care and preventing consumer’s moral hazard. The most significant discretionary factor influencing the share and amount of private health spending is the management of state guarantees of free medical care; the most significant non-discretionary factor is the income and its distribution.Π£Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ частных расходов Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² соврСмСнных Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… странах сущСствСнно различаСтся Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ государствСнной ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов рСгулирования, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСских условий.ЦСлью настоящСго исслСдования являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚ частных расходов Π² Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Для достиТСния ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚, посвящСнных тСорСтичСскому ΠΈ эмпиричСскому исслСдованию частных расходов Π² сфСрС здравоохранСния.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ послСдствия частных расходов, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ государствСнной ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ финансирования здравоохранСния, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ дискрСционныС (ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚ общСствСнной систСмы здравоохранСния, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ государствСнных расходов Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ участия Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅, ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских услуг, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСдицинского страхования) ΠΈ нСдискрСционныС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ (ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ услуг здравоохранСния, Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ распрСдСлСниС, возрастная структура, ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ образования, политичСскиС прСдпочтСния).Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ рСгулирования частных расходов Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… странах Π½Π° сСгодня ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ обСспСчСниС доступности ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСдобросовСстного повСдСния потрСбитСля. НаиболСС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ дискрСционным Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ долю ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ частных расходов, являСтся ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ гарантиями бСсплатной мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, нСдискрСционным Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ – Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ распрСдСлСниС

    ΠžΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ планирования объСмов мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ финансирования систСмы здравоохранСния ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

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    The article presents a review of current and alternative methods for planning the scope and financing of medical care in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the issue is due to the imperfection of the current planning model, which stimulate representatives of the profile bodies and independent experts to develop alternative methods. The current approaches and legal documents regulating the procedure for distributing the scope of medical care and financial resources to pay for this care are discribed. The analysis of alternative methods shows how different demographic and infrastructural features of regions can be used to redistribute the scope of medical care and the corresponding financial support.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ прСдставлСн ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ объСмов ΠΈ финансирования мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π² ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ обусловлСна Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ планирования, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ становится стимулом для прСдставитСлСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ нСзависимых экспСртов ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, Ρ€Π΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ порядок распрСдСлСния объСмов мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ финансовых срСдств Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ. Анализ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ дСмографичСскиС ΠΈ инфраструктурныС особСнности Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² для пСрСраспрСдСлСния объСмов мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΡƒ финансового обСспСчСния

    Анализ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ планирования сСти мСдицинских ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ

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    Objevtive: to identify and systematize the main approaches to planning health care provider network used in foreign countries.Material and methods. Preliminary search for countries who had an experience of systematical planning of health care provider network and tools that they used for planning was conducted in regular health system reviews made by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Identified tools became a subject of general Internet search for the official publications about goals, mechanisms and results of their usage. The findings were analysed to reveal the similarities and differences between national health care provider network planning policies as well as the objective preconditions for the formation of such policies.Results. Three main approaches to health care provider network planning were identified in the analysis: (1) through establishing state-owned health care providers, (2) through granting the right to deliver guaranteed health care or (3) through granting the right to deliver health care of all categories. A close relationship between the choice of prevailing approach to planning and specific planning tools and the national health care model and structure of health services supply was shown. The typical policy of countries most similar to Russia on these parameters (β€œyoung” insurance systems, operating under conditions of predominant state supply of medical services) is the protection of key providers on the basis of minimum activity or income guarantees with the gradual development of a competitive health care market based on the rest of the Compulsory Health Insurance program.Conclusion. Current Russian health care provider network planning regulation based on the direct control over the state-owned health care providers does not correspond to the changed health care model and does not allow taking full advantages of the social health insurance. The results of the review can be used to develop new tools for planning health care provider network spanning on non-state providers.ЦСль: ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ систСматизация основных ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ сСти мСдицинских ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ (МО), примСняСмых Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ странами.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. На основС рСгулярных страновых ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ЕвропСйского Π±ΡŽΡ€ΠΎ ВсСмирной ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ здравоохранСния Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ страны, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ систСматичСского планирования сСти МО, ΠΈ примСняСмыС ΠΈΠΌΠΈ инструмСнты. Для ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-поиск ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, содСрТащих Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ цСлях, содСрТании ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΈΡ… использования. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ свСдСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² цСлях выявлСния ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ элСмСнтов Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊ планирования сСтСй МО, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… прСдпосылок, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Анализ собранных ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ основных ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ сСти МО: 1) Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· созданиС государствСнных МО; 2) Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ допуском ΠΊ оказанию Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ (МП); 3) Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ допуском ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ мСдицинской Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов планирования тСсно связан с Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы здравоохранСния ΠΈ структурой прСдлоТСния Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ МП. Для стран, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊ России ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ (Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ…Β» страховых систСм, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² условиях прСимущСствСнно государствСнного прСдлоТСния мСдицинских услуг), Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ являСтся Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… поставщиков Π½Π° основС Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ минимального объСма Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° с постСпСнным Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° МП Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ части ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСдицинского страхования.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ВСкущая российская ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° рСгулирования сСти МО Π½Π° основС прямого управлСния государствСнным сСктором здравоохранСния Π½Π΅ соотвСтствуСт измСнившСйся ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ МП ΠΈ Π½Π΅ позволяСт Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ прСимущСствами страховой ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ для Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов планирования сСти, Π² Ρ‚.Ρ‡. ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… нСгосударствСнныС МО

    Π­Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ

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    Methods of payment to care providers constitute an essential part of the healthcare financing system; these mechanisms determine the motivation of service providers. Throughout the history of public health care, the payment methods have been gradually improved so to stimulate the providers to best match the societal demands (greater access to health services, cost reduction, and better quality) and prevent β€œmoral hazards”. As a result, the most advanced healthcare systems have stopped paying simply for service volume and rigorously restraining the costs. Instead, the updated system is based on the integrated payments combining the elements of cost control with the stimuli that promote a high quality and better access to healthcare service. At present, the new payment mechanisms aiming at improving the long-term treatment outcomes (life expectancy and quality of life) are available. The care provider payment system existing in Russia, by large, corresponds to the best international practices as far as the hospital care is concerned. However, the payment arrangements in the primary care network still lag behind the international standards. To improve the situation, quality indicators should be included in payments for primary care services.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ элСмСнт систСмы финансирования здравоохранСния, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ поставщиков услуг. На всСм протяТСнии развития общСствСнного здравоохранСния ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² цСлях стимулирования Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ общСствСнным цСлям (Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ доступа, сокращСниС расходов, ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ качСства услуг), ΠΈ прСдупрСТдСния нСдобросовСстного повСдСния поставщиков. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ систСмы здравоохранСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ простой ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ ТСсткого сдСрТивания Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ ΠΊ комплСксным систСмам ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΡΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ расходов со стимулированиСм ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ качСства ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ эффСктивности расходов. Π’ настоящий ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… странах разрабатываСтся Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ поставщиков ΠΊ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исходов лСчСния (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ качСства ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°). ΠžΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ систСма ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ соотвСтствуСт Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π² части стационарной мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ отстаСт Π² области ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ развития являСтся Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² систСму ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ систСматичСского ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ качСства

    ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° эффСктивности Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… расходов Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² России

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    Life expectancy to healthcare spending ratio differs significantly among the Russian regions. The differences could be explained with both non-discretionary factors and the regional management efficiency. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the efficiency of the regional healthcare in Russia employing the formal methodological approach. We use three-step data envelopment analysis (DEA) in order to (1) calculate the technical efficiency scores for regional healthcare systems, (2) determine non-discretionary factors affecting the scores and (3) exclude the non-discretionary component from scores to asses the management efficiency. Using data for 76 Russian regions in 2006-2013 we found approx. 27% regional healthcare spending inefficient, which equals to real 269-435 billion rubles of inefficient spending annually.Β Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΈΜ† ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… расходов Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² России сущСствСнно различаСтся ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ различия ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ дСйствиСм Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ различиями Π² эффСктивности управлСния Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ЦСлью настоящСго исслСдования являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ апробация Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ количСствСнной ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ эффСктивности Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… расходов Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² России. Для достиТСния ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ† Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» использован трСхступСнчатый ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° срСды функционирования, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΈΜ† Π² сСбя: 1) ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ† Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π² Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ; 2) ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ влияния Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²; 3) расчСт скоррСктированной ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ эффСктивности Π±Π΅Π· ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° влияния Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ эффСктивности, опрСдСляСмой качСством государствСнного управлСния. Для расчСтов использовались Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ 76 ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌ Π Π€ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2006-2013 Π³Π³. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² срСднСм ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 27% расходов Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… Π Π€ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нСэффСктивными. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π°Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° нСэффСктивных расходов Π² 76 ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… Π·Π° рассматриваСмый ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ колСбалась Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ 269 Π΄ΠΎ 435 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Π°Ρ… 2013 Π³.

    ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΡ цСнностноориСнтированного здравоохранСния

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    This article contains the aims and main principles of the concept of value-based healthcare (VBHC). The relevance of the implementation of this approach into the Russian healthcare system results from the fact that during the control and payment for medical care, the treatment outcomes are evaluated selectively and at separate stages. The medical care payment system considers only its volumes and not achieving the desired treatment outcome significant to a patient. A review of the world’s best practices of introducing VBHC conception and, also new medical care payment methods such as bundled payment and pay-for-performance (P4P) has been conducted. According to international experience, VBHC increases the quality of medical care and provides the optimization of costs. To implement VBHC model in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to ensure the informatization of the providing medical care, development, and improvement of medical quality control systems (development of the resulting criteria for medical care quality for all diseases), and introduction of the rating system for medical organizations. Provided these processes are ensured, further progressing to P4P is possible. Moreover, it would also be feasible to implement VBHC in other healthcare processes including procurement of drugs and medical devices, their pricing, and reimbursement.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ описаны Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ цСнностно-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ здравоохранСния (Π¦ΠžΠ—). ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ внСдрСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² систСму здравоохранСния Π Π€ обусловлСна Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² лСчСния осущСствляСтся Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… этапах. БистСма ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ лишь Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹, Π° Π½Π΅ достиТСниС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ для ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° лСчСния. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π¦ΠžΠ—, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ финансированиС» ΠΈ Β«ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Β». Богласно ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Ρƒ, Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ цСнностно-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° позволяСт ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ качСство мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ расходы. Для осущСствлСния ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π Π€ Π½Π° цСнностно-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ модСль Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ обСспСчСниС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ мСдицинского процСсса, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ систСмы контроля качСства мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ (Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² качСства мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ для всСх Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ) ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ рСйтингования мСдицинских ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ условии наличия этих ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ дальнСйший ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° P4P ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ. ЦСлСсообразно Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π¦ΠžΠ— ΠΈ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ процСссы Π² Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² частности Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΊΡƒ лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ мСдицинских ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ, Π² процСсс ΠΈΡ… цСнообразования ΠΈ возмСщСния стоимости

    FACTORS AND EFFECTS OF PRIVATE HEALTH SPENDING

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    Private health spending in modern developed countries varies considerably depending on the national policy objectives, selected regulatory instruments as well as general socio-economic conditions.The objective of this paper is to analyze key determinants of private health spending.Materials and Methods. To achieve this objective we analyze academic works dealing with theoretical and empirical studies of private health spending.Results. From the analysis the effects of private health spending determining national health financing policy, significant discretionary (breadth and depth of social healthcare system, public health expenditure, regulatory measures on cost sharing, paid medical services, voluntary health insurance) and non-discretionary factors (relative health services price, income and its distribution, age structure, level of education, political preferences) were highlighted.Conclusion. In developed countries priorities of health private spending regulatory policy now are ensuring accessibility of essential health care and preventing consumer’s moral hazard. The most significant discretionary factor influencing the share and amount of private health spending is the management of state guarantees of free medical care; the most significant non-discretionary factor is the income and its distribution

    Evolution of healthcare provider payment mechanisms

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    Methods of payment to care providers constitute an essential part of the healthcare financing system; these mechanisms determine the motivation of service providers. Throughout the history of public health care, the payment methods have been gradually improved so to stimulate the providers to best match the societal demands (greater access to health services, cost reduction, and better quality) and prevent β€œmoral hazards”. As a result, the most advanced healthcare systems have stopped paying simply for service volume and rigorously restraining the costs. Instead, the updated system is based on the integrated payments combining the elements of cost control with the stimuli that promote a high quality and better access to healthcare service. At present, the new payment mechanisms aiming at improving the long-term treatment outcomes (life expectancy and quality of life) are available. The care provider payment system existing in Russia, by large, corresponds to the best international practices as far as the hospital care is concerned. However, the payment arrangements in the primary care network still lag behind the international standards. To improve the situation, quality indicators should be included in payments for primary care services

    HEALTHCARE SPENDING EFFICIENCY IN RUSSIAN REGIONS

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    Life expectancy to healthcare spending ratio differs significantly among the Russian regions. The differences could be explained with both non-discretionary factors and the regional management efficiency. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the efficiency of the regional healthcare in Russia employing the formal methodological approach. We use three-step data envelopment analysis (DEA) in order to (1) calculate the technical efficiency scores for regional healthcare systems, (2) determine non-discretionary factors affecting the scores and (3) exclude the non-discretionary component from scores to asses the management efficiency. Using data for 76 Russian regions in 2006-2013 we found approx. 27% regional healthcare spending inefficient, which equals to real 269-435 billion rubles of inefficient spending annually
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