ОЦЕНКА ФУНКЦИИ ПРАВЫХ ОТДЕЛОВ СЕРДЦА МЕТОДОМ ТКАНЕВОЙ ДОППЛЕРОГРАФИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ

The aim of this study was to investigate the right heart function in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).Methods. The study involved 25 patients with moderate COPD, 11 patients with severe COPD and 20 healthy controls. Lung function testing and echocardiography were performed in all the patients.Results. Reliable features of the right heart structural remodeling were found in both patient groups. Doppler spectrum of the tricuspid flow demonstrated the right ventricle diastolic dysfunction, evaluation of amplitude and tricuspid annulus motion velocity showed a reduction in the right heart global productivity, analysis of haemodynamic parameters diagnosed moderate pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension in both patient groups.Conclusion. The global longitudinal (systolodiastolic) right heart dysfunction was found in COPD patients with moderate capillary pulmonary hypertension. The most reliable diagnostic method was tissue Doppler-echocardiographyС помощью исследования функции внешнего дыхания и анализа данных эхокардиографии изучалось состояние правых отделов сердца (ПОС) у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) среднетяжелого (1-я группа; n = 25) и тяжелого (2-я группа; n = 11) течения по сравнению со здоровыми лицами (n = 20). У больных обеих групп выявлены достоверные признаки структурного ремоделирования ПОС, а также: на основании допплеровского спектра транстрикуспидального потока – признаки диастолической дисфункции правого желудочка (ПЖ); на основании оценки амплитуды и скорости перемещения трикуспидального кольца – снижение общей производительности ПЖ; при анализе гемодинамических параметров – умеренная прекапиллярная легочная гипертензия. У больных ХОБЛ на фоне умеренно выраженной прекапиллярной легочной гипертензии выявляется глобальная продольная (систолодиастолическая) дисфункция ПЖ, более достоверно диагностируемая при использовании метода тканевой импульсной допплерографии

Характеристики полых стеклянных микросфер и проектирование легких полимерных композиционных материалов различного состава и дисперсной структуры

Currently, to obtain light polymer composite materials with high strength characteristics, hollow microspheres of various nature (glass, quartz, polymer, etc.) are used as fillers. Hollow glass microspheres of different grades (manufactured by JSC «SIO Stekloplastik») were studied by various methods, the disperse structure was described using the generalized parameters model, the light dispersion-filled polymer composite materials (DFPCM) were classified according to the structural principle, generalized and reduced parameters were calculated, and the structure, compositions of light CMs on polymer matrices of various nature were designed.В настоящее время для получения легких полимерных композиционных материалов (КМ) с высокими прочностными характеристиками в качестве наполнителей используют полые микросферы различной природы (стекло, кварц, полимер и т. д.). Исследовали упаковки полых стеклянных микросфер разных марок (производства АО «НПО Стеклопластик») различными методами, описана дисперсная структура с помощью модели обобщенных параметров, произведена классификация легких дисперсно-наполненных полимерных композиционных материалов (ДНПКМ) по структурному принципу, рассчитаны обобщенные и приведенные параметры, спроектированы структуры, составы легких КМ на полимерных матрицах различной природы

EARLY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELLING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Aim. To study right ventricular (RV) structure and function, as well as cardiac and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of moderate severity. Material and methods. The study included 37 COPD patients and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent echocardiography (EchoCG) and the assessment of lung function (LF). Results. COPD patients demonstrated an early increase in anterior RV wall thickness and RV chamber volume, already at the stage of moderate elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Pre-capillary hemodynamic variant of pulmonary hypertension was characterised by a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (р<0,001) and normokinetic hemodynamic type in patients with a longer COPD duration. Conclusion. Disturbed relaxation of RV longitudinal fibres is the initial pathological change, followed by global RV dysfunction and disturbed transverse RV contractility. These markers, which precede RV ejection fraction reduction, could be regarded as early criteria of latent systolic dysfunction in patients with a longer duration of moderately severe COPD

Left atrium structural and functional changes in arterial hypertension, and their dynamics during pharmacotherapy

This study was conducted to investigate principal structural and functional parameters of left atrium (LA), and to evaluate the effects of combined hypotensive therapy in AH patients. Fifty-eight patients with Stage I and II AH, receving low- and moderate-dose combined therapy, as well as 30 healthy individuals, were examined. All necessary clinical diagnostic procedures, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, ECG, EchoCG were perfomed at the baseline, at 3 and 6 months. Increased reserve volume (RV), LA volume and sizes, LA systolic function, and decreased LA transitory volume (TO) were observed. After 6 months of treatment, BP level, LV myocardial mass (LVMM), LA RV, LA systolic function parameters decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and LA TV increased (p < 0.05), but the latter was still lower than in the control group. Long-term antihypertensive therapy facilitated normalization of LA stucture and function, as well as left venticualr hypertrophy (LFH) regression

TISSUE DOPPLEROGRAPHY AND THE ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT HEART STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Aim. To assess the status of right heart structure and function in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Material and methods. The study included 56 COPD patients and 26 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent lung function assessment and echocardiography.Results. Based on the analysis of the Doppler spectrum of transtricuspid flow, the signs of disturbed right ventricular (RV) relaxation were identified. A reduction in the total RV output was detected, based on the assessment of tricuspid annular amplitude and velocity.Conclusion. In patients with mild COPD but without increased pulmonary vascular