10 research outputs found
Ring-chain transformation of 4-aroyl-5-phenylamino-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3-diones: Facile and efficient synthesis of novel pyrrolo[2,3- c
Inertial-Based Filtration Method for Removal of Microcarriers from Mesenchymal Stem Cell Suspensions
N-acetylcysteine dose-dependently improves the analgesic effect of acetaminophen on the rat hot plate test
Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of multi-directional functionally graded piezoelectric annular plates on elastic foundations via state space based differential quadrature method
Transcriptome sequence analysis and mining of SSRs in Jhar Ber (Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn) under drought stress
The effect of glucagonâlike peptideâ1 and glucagonâlike peptideâ2 on microcirculation: A systematic review
Inertial particle focusing dynamics in a trapezoidal straight microchannel: application to particle filtration
Reengineering Bone-Implant Interfaces for Improved Mechanotransduction and Clinical Outcomes
Forward Error Correction for Optical Transponders
Forward error correction is an essential technique required in almost all communication systems to guarantee reliable data transmission close to the theoretical limits. In this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the-art forward error correction (FEC) schemes for fiber-optic communications. Following a historical overview of the evolution of FEC schemes, we first introduce the fundamental theoretical limits of common communication channel models and show how to compute them. These limits provide the reader with guidelines for comparing different FEC codes under various assumptions. We then provide a brief introduction to the general basic concepts of FEC, followed by an in-depth introduction to the main classes of codes for soft decision decoding and hard decision decoding. We include a wide range of performance curves, compare the different schemes, and give the reader guidelines on which FEC scheme to use. We also introduce the main techniques to combine coding and higher-order modulation (coded modulation), including constellation shaping. Finally, we include a guide on how to evaluate the performance of FEC in transmission experiments. We conclude the chapter with an overview of the properties of some state-of-the-art FEC schemes used in optical communications and an outlook