4,702 research outputs found
Measuring the CP-violating phase by a long base-line neutrino experiment with Hyper-Kamiokande
We study the sensitivity of a long-base-line (LBL) experiment with neutrino
beams from the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA), that delivers 10^{21}
POT per year, and a proposed 1Mt water-Cherenkov detector, Hyper-Kamiokande
(HK) 295km away from the HIPA, to the CP phase (delta_{M N S}) of the
three-flavor lepton mixing matrix. We examine a combination of the nu_mu
narrow-band beam (NBB) at two different energies, vev{p_pi}=2, 3GeV, and the
bar{nu}_mu NBB at vev{p_pi}=2GeV. By allocating one year each for the two nu_mu
beams and four years for the bar{nu}_mu beam, we can efficiently measure the
nu_mu to nu_e and bar{nu}_mu to bar{nu}_e transition probabilities, as well as
the nu_mu and bar{nu}_mu survival probabilities. CP violation in the lepton
sector can be established at 4sigma (3sigma) level if the MSW
large-mixing-angle scenario of the solar-neutrino deficit is realized, |\dmns|
or |delta{M N S}-180^{circ}| > 30^{circ}, and if 4|U_{e3}|^2 (1-|U_{e3}|^2)
equiv sin^2 2 theta_{CHOOZ} > 0.03 (0.01). The phase delta_{M N S} is more
difficult to constrain by this experiment if there is little CP violation,
delta_{M N S} sim 0^{circ} or 180^{circ}, which can be distinguished at 1sigma
level if sin^2 2 theta_{CHOOZ} >~ 0.01.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, we add 1 figure, some refrences, and
minor corrections. PLB published versio
Are lepton flavor mixings in the democratic mass matrix stable against quantum corrections?
We investigate whether the lepton flavor mixing angles in the so-called
democratic type of mass matrix are stable against quantum corrections or not in
the minimal supersymmetric standard model with dimension five operator which
induces neutrino mass matrix. By taking simple breaking patterns of or flavor symmetries and the scale where
democratic textures are induced as GeV, we find that the stability
of the lepton flavor mixing angles in the democratic type of mass matrix
against quantum corrections depends on the solar neutrino solutions. The
maximal flavor mixing of the vacuum oscillation solution is spoiled by the
quantum corrections in the experimental allowed region of . The
large angle MSW solution is spoiled by the quantum corrections in the region of
. The condition of is needed in order to
obtain the suitable mass squared difference of the small angle MSW solution.
These strong constraints must be regarded for the model building of the
democratic type of mass matrixComment: 12pages,LaTe
Novel vortex lattice transition in d-wave superconductors
We study the vortex state in a magnetic field parallel to the axis in the
framework of the extended Ginzburg Landau equation. We find the vortex acquires
a fourfold modulation proportional to where is the angle
makes with the -axis. This term gives rise to an attractive
interaction between two vortices when they are aligned parallel to or
. We predict the first order vortex lattice transition at
from triangular into the square lattice
tilted by from the axis. This gives the critical field
a few Tesla for YBCO and Bi2212 monocrystals at low temperatures ().Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Detecting z > 10 objects through carbon, nitrogen and oxygen emission lines
By redshift of 10, star formation in the first objects should have produced
considerable amounts of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen. The submillimeter lines of
C, N and O redshift into the millimeter and centimeter bands (0.5 mm -- 1.2
cm), where they may be detectable. High spectral resolution observations could
potentially detect inhomogeneities in C, N and O emission, and see the first
objects forming at high redshift. We calculate expected intensity fluctuations
and discuss frequency and angular resolution required to detect them. For CII
emission, we estimate the intensity using two independent methods: the line
emission coefficient argument and the luminosity density argument. We find they
are in good agreement. At 1+z \sim 10, the typical protogalaxy has a velocity
dispersion of 30 km s^{-1} and angular size of 1 arcsecond. If CII is the
dominant coolant, then we estimate a characteristic line strength of \sim 0.1 K
km s^{-1}. We also discuss other atomic lines and estimate their signal.
Observations with angular resolution of 10^{-3} can detect moderately nonlinear
fluctuations of amplitude 2 \cdot 10^{-5} times the microwave background. If
the intensity fluctuations are detected, they will probe matter density
inhomogeneity, chemical evolution and ionization history at high redshifts.Comment: 15 pages, 1 postscript figures included; Uses aaspp4.sty (AASTeX
v4.0); Submitted to The Astrophysical Journa
A question of hierarchy: matter effects with atmospheric neutrinos and anti-neutrinos
It is by now established that neutrinos mix, have (different) non-zero
masses, and therefore oscillate. The oscillation parameters themselves,
however, are not all well-known. An open problem is that of the neutrino mass
hierarchy. We study the possibility of determining the neutrino mass hierarchy
with atmospheric neutrinos using an iron calorimeter detector capable of charge
identification such as the proposed MONOLITH and ICAL/INO detectors. We find
that such detectors are sensitive to the sign of the mass-squared difference,
\delta_{32} = m_3^2 - m_2^2, provided the as-yet unknown mixing angle between
the first and third generations, \theta_{13}, is greater than 6 degrees (\sin^2
2\theta_{13} > 0.04). A result with a significance greater than 90% CL requires
large exposures (more than 500 kton-years) as well as good energy and angular
resolution of the detected muons (better than 15%), especially for small
\theta_{13}. Hence obtaining definitive results with such a detector is
difficult, unless \theta_{13} turns out to be large. In contrast, such
detectors can establish a clear oscillation pattern in atmospheric neutrinos in
about 150 kton-years, therefore determining the absolute value of \delta_{32}
and \sin^2 2 \theta_{23} to within 10%.Comment: 36 pages revtex with 14 eps figures; new section on statistical
significance when detector resolution is include
Charge current in ferromagnet - triplet superconductor junctions
We calculate the tunneling conductance spectra of a ferromagnetic metal /
insulator / triplet superconductor from the reflection amplitudes using the
Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) formula. For the triplet superconductor, we
assume one special -wave order parameter, having line nodes, and two two
dimensional -wave order parameters with line nodes, breaking the time
reversal symmetry. Also we examine nodeless pairing potentials. The evolution
of the spectra with the exchange potential depends solely on the topology of
the gap. The weak Andreev reflection within the ferromagnet results in the
suppression of the tunneling conductance and eliminates the resonances due to
the anisotropy of the pairing potential. The tunneling spectra splits
asymmetrically with respect to under the influence of an external
magnetic field. The results can be used to distinguish between the possible
candidate pairing states of the superconductor SrRuO.Comment: 15 pages with 8 figure
Superconductivity in Geometrically Frustrated Pyrochlore RbOs2O6
We report the basic thermodynamic properties of the new geometrically
frustrated beta-pyrochlore bulk superconductor RbOs2O6 with a critical
temperature Tc = 6.4 K. Specific heat measurements are performed in magnetic
fields up to 12 T. The electronic density of states at the Fermi level in the
normal state results in gamma = (33.7 \pm 0.2) mJ/mol_f.u./K^2. In the
superconducting state, the specific heat follows conventional BCS-type behavior
down to 1 K, i.e. over three orders of magnitude in specific heat data. The
upper critical field slope at Tc is 1.2 T/K, corresponding to a Maki-parameter
alpha = 0.64 \pm 0.1. From the upper critical field mu0 Hc2 \approx 6 T at 0 K,
we estimate a Ginzburg-Landau coherence length xi \approx 7.4 nm. RbOs2O6 is
the second reported metallic AB2O6 type pyrochlore compound after KOs2O6, and
one of only three pyrochlore superconductors in addition to Cd2Re2O7 and
KOs2O6
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and Future Neutrino Oscillation Precision Experiments
We discuss to what extent future precision measurements of neutrino mixing
observables will influence the information we can draw from a measurement of
(or an improved limit on) neutrinoless double beta decay. Whereas the Delta m^2
corresponding to solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations are expected to be
known with good precision, the parameter theta_{12} will govern large part of
the uncertainty. We focus in particular on the possibility of distinguishing
the neutrino mass hierarchies and on setting a limit on the neutrino mass. We
give the largest allowed values of the neutrino masses which allow to
distinguish the normal from the inverted hierarchy. All aspects are discussed
as a function of the uncertainty stemming from the involved nuclear matrix
elements. The implications of a vanishing, or extremely small, effective mass
are also investigated. By giving a large list of possible neutrino mass
matrices and their predictions for the observables, we finally explore how a
measurement of (or an improved limit on) neutrinoless double beta decay can
help to identify the neutrino mass matrix if more precise values of the
relevant parameters are known.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures. Comments and references added. To appear in PR
Relation between the neutrino and quark mixing angles and grand unification
We argue that there exists simple relation between the quark and lepton
mixings which supports the idea of grand unification and probes the underlying
robust bi-maximal fermion mixing structure of still unknown flavor physics. In
this framework the quark mixing matrix is a parameter matrix describing the
deviation of neutrino mixing from exactly bi-maximal, predicting
theta_{sol}+theta_C=pi/4, where theta_C is the Cabibbo angle,
theta_{atm}+theta_{23}^{CKM}=pi/4 and theta_{13}^{MNS} ~ theta_{13}^{CKM} ~
O(lambda^3), in a perfect agreement with experimental data. Both non-Abelian
and Abelian flavor symmetries are needed for such a prediction to be realistic.
An example flavor model capable to explain this flavor mixing pattern, and to
induce the measured quark and lepton masses, is outlined.Comment: references added, title changed in journa
X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission from the PSR 1259-63 / Be Star System
PSR 1259-63 is a radio pulsar orbiting a Be star in a highly eccentric orbit.
Soft and hard X-rays are observed from this binary system. We apply the shock
powered emission model to this system. The collision of the pulsar and Be star
winds forms a shock, which accelerates electrons and positrons to the
relativistic energies. We derive the energy distribution of relativistic
electrons and positrons as a function of the distance from the shock in the
pulsar nebula. We calculate the X-rays and -rays emitted from the
relativistic electrons and positrons in the nebula at various orbital phases,
taking into account the Klein-Nishina effect fully. The shock powered emission
model can explain the observed X-ray properties approximately. We obtain from
the comparison with observations that a fraction of of the pulsar
spin-down luminosity should be transformed into the relativistic electrons and
positrons. We find that the magnetization parameter of the pulsar wind, the
ratio of the Poynting flux to the kinetic energy flux, is
immediately upstream of the termination shock of the pulsar wind, and may
decrease with distance from the pulsar. We predict the flux of 10 MeV - 100 GeV
-rays which may be nearly equal to the detection threshold in the
future projects.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
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