2,562 research outputs found
Manipulation and Generation of Supercurrent in Out-of-Equilibrium Josephson Tunnel Nanojunctions
We demonstrate experimentally manipulation of supercurrent in Al-AlO_x-Ti
Josephson tunnel junctions by injecting quasiparticles in a Ti island from two
additional tunnel-coupled Al superconducting reservoirs. Both supercurrent
enhancement and quenching with respect to equilibrium are achieved. We
demonstrate cooling of the Ti line by quasiparticle injection from the normal
state deep into the superconducting phase. A model based on heat transport and
non-monotonic current-voltage characteristic of a Josephson junction
satisfactorily accounts for our findings.Comment: 4 pages, 4 colour figures, published versio
Evidence of Josephson-coupled superconducting regions at the interfaces of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Transport properties of a few hundreds of nanometers thick (in the graphene
plane direction) lamellae of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have
been investigated. Current-Voltage characteristics as well as the temperature
dependence of the voltage at different fixed input currents provide evidence
for Josephson-coupled superconducting regions embedded in the internal
two-dimensional interfaces, reaching zero resistance at low enough
temperatures. The overall behavior indicates the existence of superconducting
regions with critical temperatures above 100 K at the internal interfaces of
oriented pyrolytic graphite.Comment: 6 Figures, 5 page
Quantum charge diffusion in underdamped Josephson junctions and superconducting nanowires
The effect of quantum fluctuations on the current-voltage characteristics of
Josephson junctions and superconducting nanowires is studied in the underdamped
limit. Quantum fluctuations induce transitions between a Coulomb--blockade and
a supercurrent branch, and can significantly modify the shape of
current-voltage characteristics in the case of a highly resistive environment.
Owing to the phase-charge duality, our results can be directly extended to the
opposite overdamped limit.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, replaced with published versio
Comparison of machine learning methods for analysis of ulcerative colitis proteomic data
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal system, affecting adults and children. Its cause is unknown, and the knowledge of reliable biomarkers is limited, especially for children. That makes the search for new biomarkers and pushing forth the analysis of the available data particularly challenging. We investigate proteomic data from children patients as a promising source, and tackle the problem implementing the recently developed parenclitic network approach to machine learning algorithms that solve classification task for proteomic data from healthy and diseased. We expect our approach to be applicable to other gastrointestinal diseases
Variations in the Intragene Methylation Profiles Hallmark Induced Pluripotency
We demonstrate the potential of differentiating embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells by the regularized linear and decision tree machine learning classification algorithms, based on a number of intragene methylation measures. The resulting average accuracy of classification has been proven to be above 95%, which overcomes the earlier achievements. We propose a constructive and transparent method of feature selection based on classifier accuracy. Enrichment analysis reveals statistically meaningful presence of stemness group and cancer discriminating genes among the selected best classifying features. These findings stimulate the further research on the functional consequences of these differences in methylation patterns. The presented approach can be broadly used to discriminate the cells of different phenotype or in different state by their methylation profiles, identify groups of genes constituting multifeature classifiers, and assess enrichment of these groups by the sets of genes with a functionality of interest
GEANT simulation of energy losses of slow hadrons
The algorithm of the simulation of energy losses for hadrons with kinetic energy down to few eV is described. The details of its implementation in Geant4 are discussed. The comparison of the results of simulation with the experimental data is presented
Macroscopic quantum tunneling in "small" Josephson junctions in magnetic field
We study the phenomenon of macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) in small
Josephson junctions (JJ) with an externally applied magnetic field. The latter
results in the appearance of the Fraunhofer type modulation of the current
density along the barrier. The problem of MQT for a point-like JJ is reduced to
the motion of the quantum particle in the washboard potential. In the case of a
finite size JJ under consideration, this problem corresponds to a MQT in
potential which itself, besides the phase, depends on space variables. Finally,
the general expression for the crossover temperature T_0 between thermally
activated and macroscopic quantum tunneling regimes and the escaping time
tau_esc have been calculated
Exact analytical solution of the problem of current-carrying states of the Josephson junction in external magnetic fields
The classical problem of the Josephson junction of arbitrary length W in the
presence of externally applied magnetic fields (H) and transport currents (J)
is reconsidered from the point of view of stability theory. In particular, we
derive the complete infinite set of exact analytical solutions for the phase
difference that describe the current-carrying states of the junction with
arbitrary W and an arbitrary mode of the injection of J. These solutions are
parameterized by two natural parameters: the constants of integration. The
boundaries of their stability regions in the parametric plane are determined by
a corresponding infinite set of exact functional equations. Being mapped to the
physical plane (H,J), these boundaries yield the dependence of the critical
transport current Jc on H. Contrary to a wide-spread belief, the exact
analytical dependence Jc=Jc(H) proves to be multivalued even for arbitrarily
small W. What is more, the exact solution reveals the existence of unquantized
Josephson vortices carrying fractional flux and located near one of the
junction edges, provided that J is sufficiently close to Jc for certain finite
values of H. This conclusion (as well as other exact analytical results) is
illustrated by a graphical analysis of typical cases.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Spectroscopy at B-factories Using Hard Photon Emission
The process of hard photon emission by initial electrons (positrons) at
B-factories is discussed. It is shown that studies of the bottomonium
spectroscopy will be feasible for the planned integrated luminosity of the
B-factory experiments.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, 1 fugure, Submitted to Int.Jour.Mod.Phys.
q-Breathers and thermalization in acoustic chains with arbitrary nonlinearity index
Nonlinearity shapes lattice dynamics affecting vibrational spectrum,
transport and thermalization phenomena. Beside breathers and solitons one finds
the third fundamental class of nonlinear modes -- -breathers -- periodic
orbits in nonlinear lattices, exponentially localized in the reciprocal mode
space. To date, the studies of -breathers have been confined to the cubic
and quartic nonlinearity in the interaction potential. In this paper we study
the case of arbitrary nonlinearity index in an acoustic chain. We
uncover qualitative difference in the scaling of delocalization and stability
thresholds of -breathers with the system size: there exists a critical index
, below which both thresholds (in nonlinearity strength) tend to
zero, and diverge when above. We also demonstrate that this critical index
value is decisive for the presence or absense of thermalization. For a generic
interaction potential the mode space localized dynamics is determined only by
the three lowest order nonlinear terms in the power series expansion.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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