Asymptotic behaviour of random tridiagonal Markov chains in biological applications

Discrete-time discrete-state random Markov chains with a tridiagonal generator are shown to have a random attractor consisting of singleton subsets, essentially a random path, in the simplex of probability vectors. The proof uses the Hilbert projection metric and the fact that the linear cocycle generated by the Markov chain is a uniformly contractive mapping of the positive cone into itself. The proof does not involve probabilistic properties of the sample path and is thus equally valid in the nonautonomous deterministic context of Markov chains with, say, periodically varying transitions probabilities, in which case the attractor is a periodic path.Comment: 13 pages, 22 bibliography references, submitted to DCDS-B, added references and minor correction

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ: СТРОМАЛЬНАЯ ОПУХОЛЬ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У ПАЦИЕНТА 22 ЛЕТ

Prostatic stromal tumor (PST) of uncertain malignant potential belongs to a group of rare tumors. The etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of this tumor are unknown. Up to now, there have been less than 100 reports of PST in the literature. The major complaints of patients with PST include difficult urination or defecation, blood in urine or semen.The paper describes a case of Patient I. aged 22 years who underwent PST removal at the Department of Urology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, on December 23, 2009. It gives the data of preoperative examination, surgical techniques, and the results of a follow-up within 3 years after surgery.Cтромальная опухоль предстательной железы (СОПЖ) неопределенного злокачественного потенциала относится к группе редких опухолей. Этиология, патогенез, а также факторы риска развития данной опухоли неизвестны. До настоящего времени в литературе описано менее 100 наблюдений СОПЖ. К основным жалобам пациентов с СОПЖ относятся: жалобы на затрудненное мочеиспускание или дефекацию, наличие крови в моче или сперме.В статье описывается клиническое наблюдение пациента И., 22 лет, которому 23.12.2009 в отделении урологии ФГБУ РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН выполнено оперативное вмешательство в объеме удаления СОПЖ. Приводятся данные предоперационного обследования, техника операции, результаты динамического наблюдения на протяжении 3 лет от момента операции

ВПЧ-СТАТУС РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ, МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ОПУХОЛИ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ

The data of medical records of 101 patients with urothelial bladder cancer (BC) were compared with the results of laboratory detection of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the tumor tissue samples taken from these patients during transurethral resection. DNA of HPV 16, the major type of the virus responsible for the occurrence of cervical cancer, was previously detected in 38 samples; and oncogenes E6 and E7 mRNA and HPV 16 E7 oncoprotein were found in 13 of these samples. Comparison of HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups revealed that HPV-positive BC showed higher cell anaplasia than HPV-negative one; moreover, primary cancer was HPV-positive more frequently than recurrent cancer. Sex, age, muscular layer invasion did not correlate with the HPV positivity of BC. Проведено сопоставление данных историй болезни 101 больного уротелиальным раком мочевого пузыря (РМП) с результатами лабораторной детекции вирусов папиллом человека (ВПЧ) в образцах опухолевой ткани, взятой у этих пациентов во время транс-уретральной резекции. Ранее ДНК ВПЧ-16, основного типа вируса, ответственного за возникновение рака шейки матки, была обнаружена в 38, а мРНК онкогенов Е6 и Е7 и онкобелок Е7 ВПЧ-16 – в 13 из этих образцов. При сравнении групп «ВПЧ-положительные» и «ВПЧ-отрицательные» выявлено, что ВПЧ-положительный РМП характеризуется более высокой степенью анаплазии клеток, чем ВПЧ-отрицательный, при этом первичный рак бывает ВПЧ-положительным чаще, чем рецидивный. Пол, возраст и инвазия в мышечный слой не коррелируют с ВПЧ-положительностью РМП.

Плоскоклеточный рак семенного пузырька. Обзор литературы и описание клинического случая

Seminal vesicle tumors are very rare malignancies which are not diagnosed in daily clinical oncology practice. Primary malignant tumors in seminal vesicle are difficult to define due to the lack of specific symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Another obstacle of proper diagnosis is the frequent invasion of tumors of the surrounding organs, especially the prostate, rectum and bladder which is difficult to differentiate. Very often seminal vesicle tumors are difficult to detect. Digital rectal examination as well as transrectal ultrasound scan (US) could reveal a bulky mass in the retrovesical space. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main diagnostic methods which could help to reveal pathologic masses in the region of seminal vesicles. Levels of prostate-specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and tumor markers specific for colorectal cancer are negative in seminal vesicle tumors.The world experience of treating seminal vesicle tumors is very limited. There is paucity of data regarding appropriate choice of surgical approach and further treatment strategy and most of the time the treatment is individualized and based on very scarce information. At the same time surgical approach may vary significantly from vesiculectomy to pelvic exenteration. Possibility of using any regimens of adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy is highly debatable. However, aggressive surgical approach with radical tumor removal followed by extended lymphodissection shows the most favorable results in survival of patients suffering from seminal vesicle cancer.Squamous cell carcinoma of the seminal vesicles is presumed to be an extremely rare disease as there are only 3 reports of it in the world literature. We report a case of patient B. suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the right seminal vesicle whom we conducted an aggressive surgical approach – prostatovesiculectomy followed by resection of the posterior bladder wall. There was no adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. In the next 22 months such diagnostic methods as US and MRI revealed no metastases or symptoms of the disease recurrence.Злокачественные опухоли семенных пузырьков встречаются крайне редко и не диагностируются в рутинной практике. Выявление первичного опухолевого поражения семенных пузырьков затруднительно в связи с отсутствием ранних признаков заболевания и со сложностью четкой дифференцировки с новообразованиями, проникающими извне в толщу органа, например предстательной железы, прямой кишки или мочевого пузыря. Зачастую трудно диагностировать опухоль семенных пузырьков, представленную в виде ретровезикальных образований, которая может быть обнаружена при пальцевом ректальном исследовании или трансректальном ультразвуковом исследовании (УЗИ). Основными диагностическими методами, улучшающими оценку патологических изменений семенных пузырьков, являются компьютерная и магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ). При опухолях семенных пузырьков отрицательные результаты показывают такие маркеры, как простатспецифический, раковоэмбриональный антиген и маркеры колоректального рака.Мировой опыт лечения опухолей семенных пузырьков ограничен. Ведущие принципы при выборе необходимого метода и дальнейшей тактики лечения до сих пор неизвестны, так как они основаны на ограниченных данных и индивидуальном подходе к каждому пациенту. В то же время объем хирургического вмешательства колеблется от местного удаления семенных пузырьков до тазовой экзентерации. Варианты адъювантной, лучевой, химио- и гормональной терапии обсуждаются. Но пока агрессивный подход хирургического лечения с радикальным удалением опухоли и расширенной лимфодиссекцией демонстрирует самые благоприятные результаты выживаемости больных раком семенных пузырьков.Плоскоклеточный вариант рака семенных пузырьков крайне редок, настолько, что известно только о 3 зафиксированных случаях в мировой литературе. В представленном нами случае у больного Б., страдавшего плоскоклеточным раком правого семенного пузырька, применен агрессивный хирургический подход в виде простатвезикулэктомии с резекцией задней стенки мочевого пузыря без проведения адъювантной специфической терапии. При динамическом обследовании пациента (УЗИ, МРТ) в течение 22 мес данных, подтверждающих наличие метастазов и рецидива заболевания, не получено

ВИРУС ПАПИЛЛОМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА КАК ФАКТОР РИСКА ПРИ РАКЕ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

The paper reviews the data available in the literature on the possible involvement of human papillomavirus in the induction of bladder cancer (BC). The results of the authors studies in this area are summarized. The data obtained in clinical and experimental studies in vivo and in vitro count in favor of the idea that human papillomavirus may be implicated in the genesis of BC.Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме возможного участия вируса папилломы человека в индукции рака мочевого пузыря (РМП). Суммированы результаты собственных исследований в этой области. Данные, полученные на клиническом материале и экспериментальных моделях in vivo и in vitro, свидетельствуют в пользу точки зрения, согласно которой вирус папилломы человека может участвовать в генезе РМП

Mu2e Technical Design Report

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the preliminary design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2 approval.Comment: compressed file, 888 pages, 621 figures, 126 tables; full resolution available at http://mu2e.fnal.gov; corrected typo in background summary, Table 3.

PROSTATIC STROMAL TUMOR: A CASE IN A 22-YEAR-OLD PATIENT

Prostatic stromal tumor (PST) of uncertain malignant potential belongs to a group of rare tumors. The etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of this tumor are unknown. Up to now, there have been less than 100 reports of PST in the literature. The major complaints of patients with PST include difficult urination or defecation, blood in urine or semen.The paper describes a case of Patient I. aged 22 years who underwent PST removal at the Department of Urology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, on December 23, 2009. It gives the data of preoperative examination, surgical techniques, and the results of a follow-up within 3 years after surgery.</p

THE HPV STATUS IN BLADDER CANCER, TUMOR MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE DISEASE

<p>The data of medical records of 101 patients with urothelial bladder cancer (BC) were compared with the results of laboratory detection of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the tumor tissue samples taken from these patients during transurethral resection. DNA of HPV 16, the major type of the virus responsible for the occurrence of cervical cancer, was previously detected in 38 samples; and oncogenes E6 and E7 mRNA and HPV 16 E7 oncoprotein were found in 13 of these samples. Comparison of HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups revealed that HPV-positive BC showed higher cell anaplasia than HPV-negative one; moreover, primary cancer was HPV-positive more frequently than recurrent cancer. Sex, age, muscular layer invasion did not correlate with the HPV positivity of BC.</p><p> </p

Squamous cell carcinoma of the seminal vesicle. Review of the related literature and case report

Seminal vesicle tumors are very rare malignancies which are not diagnosed in daily clinical oncology practice. Primary malignant tumors in seminal vesicle are difficult to define due to the lack of specific symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Another obstacle of proper diagnosis is the frequent invasion of tumors of the surrounding organs, especially the prostate, rectum and bladder which is difficult to differentiate. Very often seminal vesicle tumors are difficult to detect. Digital rectal examination as well as transrectal ultrasound scan (US) could reveal a bulky mass in the retrovesical space. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main diagnostic methods which could help to reveal pathologic masses in the region of seminal vesicles. Levels of prostate-specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and tumor markers specific for colorectal cancer are negative in seminal vesicle tumors.The world experience of treating seminal vesicle tumors is very limited. There is paucity of data regarding appropriate choice of surgical approach and further treatment strategy and most of the time the treatment is individualized and based on very scarce information. At the same time surgical approach may vary significantly from vesiculectomy to pelvic exenteration. Possibility of using any regimens of adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy is highly debatable. However, aggressive surgical approach with radical tumor removal followed by extended lymphodissection shows the most favorable results in survival of patients suffering from seminal vesicle cancer.Squamous cell carcinoma of the seminal vesicles is presumed to be an extremely rare disease as there are only 3 reports of it in the world literature. We report a case of patient B. suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the right seminal vesicle whom we conducted an aggressive surgical approach – prostatovesiculectomy followed by resection of the posterior bladder wall. There was no adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. In the next 22 months such diagnostic methods as US and MRI revealed no metastases or symptoms of the disease recurrence

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR BLADDER CANCER

<span>The paper reviews the data available in the literature on the possible involvement of human papillomavirus in the induction of bladder cancer (BC). The results of the authors studies in this area are summarized. The data obtained in clinical and experimental studies in vivo and in vitro count in favor of the idea that human papillomavirus may be implicated in the genesis of BC.</span