Multilevel Clustering Fault Model for IC Manufacture

A hierarchical approach to the construction of compound distributions for process-induced faults in IC manufacture is proposed. Within this framework, the negative binomial distribution is treated as level-1 models. The hierarchical approach to fault distribution offers an integrated picture of how fault density varies from region to region within a wafer, from wafer to wafer within a batch, and so on. A theory of compound-distribution hierarchies is developed by means of generating functions. A study of correlations, which naturally appears in microelectronics due to the batch character of IC manufacture, is proposed. Taking these correlations into account is of significant importance for developing procedures for statistical quality control in IC manufacture. With respect to applications, hierarchies of yield means and yield probability-density functions are considered.Comment: 10 pages, the International Conference "Micro- and Nanoelectronics- 2003" (ICMNE-2003),Zvenigorod, Moscow district, Russia, October 6-10, 200

LATE PALEOZOIC CONTRASTING MAGMATISM OF THE EASTERN KAAKHEM MAGMATIC AREA (CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT)

Based on the isotope-geochronological (zircons, U-Pb method), petrogeochemical, and structural and petrologic data, the following paper provides a detailed description of the characteristics of the Late Paleozoic basic and granitoid magmatism in the eastern part of the Kaakhem magmatic area (Eastern Tuva). During the formation of the Shivey alkaline-granitoid and Chadal gabbroid massifs in the period of 292–283 Ma, there were revealed two stages of contrasting magmatism. The early stage is characterized by the formation of plutonic mingling structures and intermediate rocks. Deformation structures, widespread in the early-mingling rocks, are superimposed and formed in extensional regime. At a later stage, there occurred a sequential intrusion of salic and mafic magmas into the zones of local extension in the early-mingling host rocks. A similar petrogeochemical composition of basic rocks of the early and late mingling indicates that they all formed from enriched magma. Granosyenites and granites are derived from melting of tonalities and metasedimentary rocks with a significant contribution of the mantle component. The simultaneous formation of the Chadal gabbroid and Shivei granitoid massifs took place at the intraplate stage of the development of geological structures of Eastern Tuva in the Late Paleozoic

ПОЗДНЕПАЛЕОЗОЙСКИЙ КОНТРАСТНЫЙ МАГМАТИЗМ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ КААХЕМСКОГО МАГМАТИЧЕСКОГО АРЕАЛА (ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-АЗИАТСКИЙ СКЛАДЧАТЫЙ ПОЯС)

Based on the isotope-geochronological (zircons, U-Pb method), petrogeochemical, and structural and petrologic data, the following paper provides a detailed description of the characteristics of the Late Paleozoic basic and granitoid magmatism in the eastern part of the Kaakhem magmatic area (Eastern Tuva). During the formation of the Shivey alkaline-granitoid and Chadal gabbroid massifs in the period of 292–283 Ma, there were revealed two stages of contrasting magmatism. The early stage is characterized by the formation of plutonic mingling structures and intermediate rocks. Deformation structures, widespread in the early-mingling rocks, are superimposed and formed in extensional regime. At a later stage, there occurred a sequential intrusion of salic and mafic magmas into the zones of local extension in the early-mingling host rocks. A similar petrogeochemical composition of basic rocks of the early and late mingling indicates that they all formed from enriched magma. Granosyenites and granites are derived from melting of tonalities and metasedimentary rocks with a significant contribution of the mantle component. The simultaneous formation of the Chadal gabbroid and Shivei granitoid massifs took place at the intraplate stage of the development of geological structures of Eastern Tuva in the Late Paleozoic.В настоящей работе на основе изотопно-геохронологических (цирконы, U-Pb метод), петрогеохимических и структурно-петрологических данных приводится характеристика позднепалеозойского магматизма Каахемского ареала (Восточная Тува). Выявлены два этапа контрастного по составу магматизма при становлении Шивейского щелочно-гранитоидного и Чадалского габброидного массивов в период 292–283 млн лет. Ранний этап характеризуется формированием структур плутонического минглинга и образованием пород промежуточного состава. Деформационные структуры, широко распространенные в породах раннего минглинга, имеют наложенный характер и формировались в обстановках растяжения. На позднем этапе последовательное внедрение салических и мафических магм происходило в зоны локального растяжения во вмещающих породах раннего минглинга. Мафические породы раннего и позднего минглинга идентичны по петрогеохимическому составу, что указывает на их происхождение из единого глубинного обогащенного источника. Образование граносиенитов и гранитов связано с плавлением тоналитов и метаосадочных пород со значительным вкладом мантийного компонента. Одновременное становление Чадалского габброидного и Шивейского гранитоидного массивов происходило на внутриплитном этапе развития геологических структур Восточной Тувы в позднем палеозое

Qualitative Indicators of Microbial Cells of Yersinia pestis EV Strain Depending on Their Morphological Traits in Different Temperature Conditions of Manufacturing of Plague Vaccine Preparation

The preference of the (21±1) °C temperature for cultivation of the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV in the live plague vaccine biomass production to (27±1) °C is experimentally confirmed. An original interpretation of the mechanism of small cells stability that are formed at (21±1) °C has been proposed. This interpretation stipulates a smaller damaging effect of steam molecules during sublimation in the process of lyophilization

NCBI GEO: archive for high-throughput functional genomic data

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is the largest public repository for high-throughput gene expression data. Additionally, GEO hosts other categories of high-throughput functional genomic data, including those that examine genome copy number variations, chromatin structure, methylation status and transcription factor binding. These data are generated by the research community using high-throughput technologies like microarrays and, more recently, next-generation sequencing. The database has a flexible infrastructure that can capture fully annotated raw and processed data, enabling compliance with major community-derived scientific reporting standards such as ‘Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment’ (MIAME). In addition to serving as a centralized data storage hub, GEO offers many tools and features that allow users to effectively explore, analyze and download expression data from both gene-centric and experiment-centric perspectives. This article summarizes the GEO repository structure, content and operating procedures, as well as recently introduced data mining features. GEO is freely accessible at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/

Interplay of dendritic avalanches and gradual flux penetration in superconducting MgB2 films

Magneto-optical imaging was used to study a zero-field-cooled MgB2 film at 9.6K where in a slowly increasing field the flux penetrates by abrupt formation of large dendritic structures. Simultaneously, a gradual flux penetration takes place, eventually covering the dendrites, and a detailed analysis of this process is reported. We find an anomalously high gradient of the flux density across a dendrite branch, and a peak value that decreases as the applied field goes up. This unexpected behaviour is reproduced by flux creep simulations based on the non-local field-current relation in the perpendicular geometry. The simulations also provide indirect evidence that flux dendrites are formed at an elevated local temperature, consistent with a thermo-magnetic mechanism of the instabilityComment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Supercond. Sci. Techno