14 research outputs found
ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π£ΠΠ¦ΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’Π§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ Π¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ―
Important tasks of modern space research are the study and continuous observations of the processes of cosmic and meteorological Β«weatherΒ». One of the electronic devices for carrying out such researches is a plasma sensor based on Faraday cup. The purpose of the work was to develop a constructive variant of the Faraday cup with precision sensitive (selective) elements in the form of metal grid microstructures and a four-sector collector, which has no analogues in the world technology.For the formation of grid nickel microstructures, a process has been developed for creating a matrix of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide by photolithography as a precision shape (template) for depositing nanostructured metal layers. Methods for conducting testing for mechanical (vibrational) and thermocyclic impact that satisfies the requirements for space instruments have been developed.The grid microstructures are formed in a unified technological cycle with the production of ring-holders along the perimeter of the grid, with a square 20 Γ 20 ΞΌm2Β section of the web and square cells with a size of 1 Γ 1 mm2. The transparency of each of the grids was more than 90 % for the normal incidence of light. Dimensions of holders and grid microstructures: internal diameters (34, 47, 60) Β± 0.1 mm, external diameters of rings (42, 55, 68) Β± 0.1 mm, respectively. The weight of one grid was less than 50 mg.The test results demonstrated the operability of the developed grid microstructures with multiple thermocyclic actions from β50 to +150 Β°C and vibrational and static overloads specific for space flights. Instruments for plasma measurements in the near of the Earth and in the interplanetary space will comprise six sensors with different angular orientations. This will make it possible to detect ions of cosmic plasma in a solid angle of about 180Β°.ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΒ». ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠ° Π€Π°ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠ° Π€Π°ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ (ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ) ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅.ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ (ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½Π°) Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π². Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ (Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ.Π‘Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ 20 Γ 20 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ2Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 1 Γ 1 ΠΌΠΌ2. ΠΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 90 %. ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ: Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ (34, 47, 60) Β± 0,1 ΠΌΠΌ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ (42, 55, 68) Β± 0,1 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 50 ΠΌΠ³.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡ β50 Π΄ΠΎ +150 Β°Π‘ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. Π ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 180Β°
Dynamics of He++ Ions at Interplanetary and Earth’s Bow Shocks
Experimental investigations of the fine plasma structure of interplanetary shocks are extremely difficult to conduct due to their small thickness and high speed relative to the spacecraft. We studied the variations in the parameters of twice-ionized helium ions (4He++ ions or α-particles) in the solar wind plasma during the passage of interplanetary shocks and Earth’s bow shock. We used data with high time resolution gathered by the BMSW (Bright Monitor of Solar Wind) instrument installed on the SPEKTR-R satellite, which operated between August 2011 and 2019. The MHD parameters of He++ ions (the bulk velocity Vα, temperature Tα, absolute density Nα, and helium abundance Nα/Np) are analyzed for 20 interplanetary shocks and compared with similar parameters for 25 Earth bow shock crossings. Measurements from the WIND, Cluster, and THEMIS satellites were also analyzed. The correlations in the changes in helium abundance Nα/Np with the parameters βi, θBn, and MMS were investigated. The following correlation between Nα/Np and the angle θBn was found: the lower the value of θBn, the greater the drop in helium abundance (Nα/Np) falls behind the IP shock front. For Earth’s bow shock crossings, we found a significant increase in the helium abundance (Nα/Np) in quasi-perpendicular events
Dynamics of He<sup>++</sup> Ions at Interplanetary and Earthβs Bow Shocks
Experimental investigations of the fine plasma structure of interplanetary shocks are extremely difficult to conduct due to their small thickness and high speed relative to the spacecraft. We studied the variations in the parameters of twice-ionized helium ions (4He++ ions or Ξ±-particles) in the solar wind plasma during the passage of interplanetary shocks and Earthβs bow shock. We used data with high time resolution gathered by the BMSW (Bright Monitor of Solar Wind) instrument installed on the SPEKTR-R satellite, which operated between August 2011 and 2019. The MHD parameters of He++ ions (the bulk velocity VΞ±, temperature TΞ±, absolute density NΞ±, and helium abundance NΞ±/Np) are analyzed for 20 interplanetary shocks and compared with similar parameters for 25 Earth bow shock crossings. Measurements from the WIND, Cluster, and THEMIS satellites were also analyzed. The correlations in the changes in helium abundance NΞ±/Np with the parameters Ξ²i, ΞΈBn, and MMS were investigated. The following correlation between NΞ±/Np and the angle ΞΈBn was found: the lower the value of ΞΈBn, the greater the drop in helium abundance (NΞ±/Np) falls behind the IP shock front. For Earthβs bow shock crossings, we found a significant increase in the helium abundance (NΞ±/Np) in quasi-perpendicular events
THE DESIGN OF THE SOLAR WIND ION FLUX SENSORS BASED ON THE FARADAY CUP
Important tasks of modern space research are the study and continuous observations of the processes of cosmic and meteorological Β«weatherΒ». One of the electronic devices for carrying out such researches is a plasma sensor based on Faraday cup. The purpose of the work was to develop a constructive variant of the Faraday cup with precision sensitive (selective) elements in the form of metal grid microstructures and a four-sector collector, which has no analogues in the world technology.For the formation of grid nickel microstructures, a process has been developed for creating a matrix of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide by photolithography as a precision shape (template) for depositing nanostructured metal layers. Methods for conducting testing for mechanical (vibrational) and thermocyclic impact that satisfies the requirements for space instruments have been developed.The grid microstructures are formed in a unified technological cycle with the production of ring-holders along the perimeter of the grid, with a square 20 Γ 20 ΞΌm2Β section of the web and square cells with a size of 1 Γ 1 mm2. The transparency of each of the grids was more than 90 % for the normal incidence of light. Dimensions of holders and grid microstructures: internal diameters (34, 47, 60) Β± 0.1 mm, external diameters of rings (42, 55, 68) Β± 0.1 mm, respectively. The weight of one grid was less than 50 mg.The test results demonstrated the operability of the developed grid microstructures with multiple thermocyclic actions from β50 to +150 Β°C and vibrational and static overloads specific for space flights. Instruments for plasma measurements in the near of the Earth and in the interplanetary space will comprise six sensors with different angular orientations. This will make it possible to detect ions of cosmic plasma in a solid angle of about 180Β°