Abortion fraud cases: A sociological analysis of fictitious crashes and scams involving insurance firms

The purpose of this study is to provide a sociological analysis of abortion occurrences with the aim of investigating factors cited by insurance companies about pregnant women. A qualitative research method has been used to gather field information and its tools are based on documents and files of interviews conducted with a number of women swindlers and their accomplices as well as experts and traffic police. The statistical population is 138 files of related documents, of which 15 were selected by a simple random sampling. There are also 58 women swindlers, gang associates, experts and traffic police officers who were purposefully selected to saturate the data and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Validity and reliability were obtained based on the views of Marshall and Rasuman (1998). Due to the quality of the work, the analysis method was performed simultaneously with data collection, open and axial coding and compression by designing basic and mediating themes and then the main themes by using Max Qioda software. The results showed that individual, family, social, economic, political and cultural aspects are influential and motivating factors for criminals, but the most important can be economic and poverty. Also, fraudsters, by knowing and exploiting the weaknesses and legal gaps and sometimes using non-Iranians (Afghans), poor families, forged and prepared identity cards and obtained them through responsible people and infiltrating government agencies and insurance companies

The Evaluation of the Protective Effects of the Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on Ventricular Arrhythmias in Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Arrhythmia is considered as a leading cause of sudden death among patients with cardiac diseases. Since antioxidant agents play a pivotal role in cardiac protection, many of them are used in the form of medicinal plants in traditional medicine. Rosmarinus Officinalis L., commonly known as Rosemary, is a medicinal herb with potent antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Rosemary on ventricular arrhythmias in rats. METHODS: In this experimental study, 32 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250-200 g were divided into two main groups of control and receivers of hydro-alcoholic rosemary extract. The rats received the hydro-alcoholic extract of rosemary (50, 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram per day via gavage) or Saline (1 ml/kg per day via gavage) for 14 days. Cardiac lead II was recorded in both groups after fourteen days of saline or rosemary extract administration. To induce arrhythmias, CaCl2 (140 kg) solution was injected intravenously, and the incidence of premature ventricular beats (PVB), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were also calculated. FINDINGS: The anti-arrhythmic effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of rosemary (doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg) were observed following a significant decrease in the occurrence of PVB (75% and 50%, respectively), VT (71.4% and 42.9% %, respectively), and VF (50% and 25%, respectively) compared to the control group. In addition, the highest rate of this reduction occurred in the dosage of 200 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the hydro-alcoholic extract of rosemary could be used as a protective substance providing cardiac pre-conditioning against ventricular arrhythmia

Efficacy and side effects of Sputnik V, Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines to stop COVID-19; a review and discussion

We believe that vaccination is just a way to eliminate or strongly stop the COVID-19. In this regard, there are several vaccines with different efficacy and side effects. It is urgently required to have some efficient vaccines for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, international databases were considered for searching relevant articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2021. Keywords were COVID-19, novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, coronavirus disease 2019, vaccine, Sputnik V, Gamaleya, Gam-COVID-Vac, Sinopharm, BBIBP-CorV, AstraZeneca, Vaxzevria, Oxford, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and AZD1222. Three Sputnik V, Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines are useful to gain herd immunity. Enough intervals (at least three weeks/21 days) must be considered for sufficient neutralizing antibody titers. What is important is that the vaccination should be accelerated with each of the aforementioned three vaccines to achieve herd immunity in a shorter period of time because all three vaccines provide 100 prevention of severe COVID-19

Effects of Risedronate Treatment on Vertebral and Nonvertebral Fractures in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Context Risedronate, a potent bisphosphonate, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Paget disease of bone and other metabolic bone diseases but, to our knowledge, it has not been evaluated in the treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Objective To test the efficacy and safety of daily treatment with risedronate to reduce the risk of vertebral and other fractures in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 2458 ambulatory postmenopausal women younger than 85 years with at least 1 vertebral fracture at baseline who were enrolled at 1 of 110 centers in North America conducted between December 1993 and January 1998. Interventions Subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral treatment for 3 years with risedronate (2.5 or 5 mg/d) or placebo. All subjects received calcium, 1000 mg/d. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, up to 500 IU/d) was provided if baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were low. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of new vertebral fractures as detected by quantitative and semiquantitative assessments of radiographs; incidence of radiographically confirmed nonvertebral fractures and change from baseline in bone mineral density as determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Results The 2.5 mg/d of risedronate arm was discontinued after 1 year; in the placebo and 5 mg/d of risedronate arms, 450 and 489 subjects, respectively, completed all 3 years of the trial. Treatment with 5 mg/d of risedronate, compared with placebo, decreased the cumulative incidence of new vertebral fractures by 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-58%) over 3 years (11.3% vs 16.3%;P=.003). A fracture reduction of 65% (95% CI, 38%-81%) was observed after the first year (2.4% vs 6.4%; P\u3c.001). The cumulative incidence of nonvertebral fractures over 3 years was reduced by 39% (95% CI, 6%-61%) (5.2% vs 8.4%; P=.02). Bone mineral density increased significantly compared with placebo at the lumbar spine (5.4% vs 1.1%), femoral neck (1.6% vs −1.2%), femoral trochanter (3.3% vs −0.7%), and midshaft of the radius (0.2% vs −1.4%). Bone formed during risedronate treatment was histologically normal. The overall safety profile of risedronate, including gastrointestinal safety, was similar to that of placebo. Conclusions These data suggest that risedronate therapy is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis

Effects of Risedronate Treatment on Vertebral and Nonvertebral Fractures in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Context Risedronate, a potent bisphosphonate, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Paget disease of bone and other metabolic bone diseases but, to our knowledge, it has not been evaluated in the treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Objective To test the efficacy and safety of daily treatment with risedronate to reduce the risk of vertebral and other fractures in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 2458 ambulatory postmenopausal women younger than 85 years with at least 1 vertebral fracture at baseline who were enrolled at 1 of 110 centers in North America conducted between December 1993 and January 1998. Interventions Subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral treatment for 3 years with risedronate (2.5 or 5 mg/d) or placebo. All subjects received calcium, 1000 mg/d. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, up to 500 IU/d) was provided if baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were low. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of new vertebral fractures as detected by quantitative and semiquantitative assessments of radiographs; incidence of radiographically confirmed nonvertebral fractures and change from baseline in bone mineral density as determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Results The 2.5 mg/d of risedronate arm was discontinued after 1 year; in the placebo and 5 mg/d of risedronate arms, 450 and 489 subjects, respectively, completed all 3 years of the trial. Treatment with 5 mg/d of risedronate, compared with placebo, decreased the cumulative incidence of new vertebral fractures by 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-58%) over 3 years (11.3% vs 16.3%;P=.003). A fracture reduction of 65% (95% CI, 38%-81%) was observed after the first year (2.4% vs 6.4%; P\u3c.001). The cumulative incidence of nonvertebral fractures over 3 years was reduced by 39% (95% CI, 6%-61%) (5.2% vs 8.4%; P=.02). Bone mineral density increased significantly compared with placebo at the lumbar spine (5.4% vs 1.1%), femoral neck (1.6% vs −1.2%), femoral trochanter (3.3% vs −0.7%), and midshaft of the radius (0.2% vs −1.4%). Bone formed during risedronate treatment was histologically normal. The overall safety profile of risedronate, including gastrointestinal safety, was similar to that of placebo. Conclusions These data suggest that risedronate therapy is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis