Specificity of youth political actcionizm in Russia (on the base of review sociolological researches)

The article is based on the secondary analysis of all-russian and interregional sociological surveys of youth social political actionism. It is mentioned that youth is characterized by ambivalent behavior, mixing passivity in conventional political sphere with political ambitions, big potential of civic activity and political mobilization. Authors underline the growing role of ICTs in self-organization of youth. Peculiarities of social situation and social demographic characteristics, factors of development of youth actionism are analyzed, methodological principles are deduced for further investigation.В статье приводится результаты вторичного анализа всероссийских и межрегиональных социологических исследований молодежного общественно-политического акционизма. Отмечается противоречивый характер поведения молодежи, сочетания пассивности в сфере конвенциональной политики с политическими карьерными амбициями, потенциалом гражданской активности и политической мобилизации, подчеркивается возрастающая роль информационных компьютерных технологий в процессе самоорганизации молодежи, анализируются особенности социального положения и социально-демографические характеристики молодежных активистов, факторы развития молодежного акционизма, обобщаются методологические принципы исследования

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN COMPLEX OBTAINED FROM FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS SSP. NOVICIDA

F. tularensis ssp. novicida, considered earlier as a representative of a separate species, has been recently classed among F. tularensis variety, based on the results of comparative analysis of 16S-ribosomal RNA. Subspecies novicida can cause disease only in immunocompromised humans and is low virulent for rabbits. Despite this, high rate of homology of the nucleotide sequence of F. tularensis intraspecific taxon is established. Objective of the study is to obtain protective surface antigen complex from F. tularensis ssp. novicida Utah 112 (ATTC 15 482) cells and investigate its properties. Materials and methods. Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content of the antigen preparation was measured using conventional colorimetric methods, SDS-PAGE was conducted according to U.Laemmli, and immunoblotting – to H.Towbin. For purification and molecular mass determination column chromatography was applied. Immune-chromatographic activity was analyzed by immune-enzyme assay. Immunogenicity of the produced preparation was tested on scrub white mice, with LD50 and ED50 calculated according to Karber’s method. Results and conclusions. Carried out has been comparative analysis of physical-chemical, antigenic and bio-chemical peculiarities of the protective antigen complex obtained from F. tularensis Utah 112 cells and equivalent antigen complex obtained from the vaccine strain – F. tularensis 15 NIIEG. Protectivity of the preparation has been tested through inoculation of the immunized white mice with virulent F. tularensis 503/840 strain. Demonstrated have been distinctive features of the new preparation, by structure and composition, as compared to similar antigen from the vaccine producer strain, as well as the slowdown of its immunochemical and protective activities

Optimization of the Conditions for Cultivation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Process of Obtaining Cell Mass

Objective of the study was to optimize the conditions of submerged recurrent cultivation and the composition of the nutrient medium for obtaining the cell mass of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains, used as an adsorbent in the preparation of diagnostic plague immunoglobulins. Materials and methods. We utilized Y. pseudotuberculosis adsorbent strains 6; 31; 68; 69; and 70 belonging to V, I, III, IV, and V serotypes, respectively, received from the State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria at the premises of the RusRAPI “Microbe”. The cultivation process was carried out on an incubator-shaker, laboratory and pilot fermenters with variation of the process parameters, different options for feeding and nutrient media. Results and discussion. In the course of work, the optimal parameters of recurring submerged cultivation have been established. It was found that the highest biomass yield is provided by a combination of a nutrient medium – a carbon substrate in the form of a broth, based on an enzymatic fibrin hydrolysate, with the addition of galactose as a substrate feeding. Thereat, the morphology and immunochemical properties of microbial cells obtained through modified preparation process do not differ from those produced in the control run. The optimization of the parameters for Y. pseudotuberculosis cell mass cultivation with subsequent upscaling has been performed

LIQUID NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR SUBMERGED CULTIVATION OF TULAREMIA MICROBE

The paper describes an effective liquid nutrient medium, utilization of which in the process of submerged cultivation of the vaccine tularemia microbe strain allows for the production of high concentrations of viable biomass with low rates of dissociation, which is essential in manufacturing of live vaccines. Dry enzymatic hydrolysate of fibrin, by-product of anti-rabies immunoglobulin production is used as a nutrient-rich base of the new nutrient medium

Enhancement of the Technology for Live Tularemia Vaccine Production

Objective of the study was to develop and test new biotechnological approaches for live tularemia vaccine production.Materials and methods: Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG strain was used as producer-strain; Francisella tularensis 503 strain – as test infecting one. Producer strain was cultivated on solid and liquid nutrient media. Tangential ultrafiltration was performed with the help of microfiltration module “Viva-flow”. Lyophilization was conducted using drying installation – Free Zone 2.5 L.Results and discussion: Application of the designed liquid nutrient medium on the basis of enzymatic fibrin hydrolysate and submerged cultivation of the producer-strain has allowed for a significant biomass yield increment. At the stage of tularemia microbe culture concentration via microfiltration through filtering membranes with pore size of 0.2 μm, in the mode of tangential liquid flow, increased has been the content of microbe cells; the nutrient media residues – removed. Comparative analysis of the obtained in accordance with experimental technique laboratory series of the vaccine and commercial preparation of live tularemia vaccine has demonstrated their conformity with the specific normative properties. It is established that application of modified liquid nutrient medium, submerged cultivation conditions, methods of biomass concentration and separation has no negative influence on the main properties of live tularemia vaccine and will provide for considerable produce-ability increase in the future

Experimental Preventive Anti-Tularemia Preparation

Designed is an experimental preparation of a prototype chemical tularemia vaccine (PCTV). It is composed of protective antigenic complex (PAC) of tularemia microbe and S-layer protein (Slp) of plague microbe. Determined is optimum ratio of these components in the preparation and schedule of its administration. Displayed are the results of its testing as regards physical-chemical properties, reactogenicity, specific activity and impact on the immune system of laboratory animals. It is found out that preparation of the prototype is non-toxic for white mice and Guinea pigs and has no damaging effect on their immune systems. Single-stage subcutaneous immunization with PCTV induces elaboration of high-level adaptive immunity in laboratory animals within 14–21 days: specific antibody generation and stimulation of immune system cell component. PCTV protective index for white mice in case of experimental tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, is 87,5 % on average; in case of infecting with F. tularensis subsp. nearctica – 50 %; and high-level immunity in both cases. High potency of the experimental preparation against tularemia caused by subsp. holarctica (protective index is 75 %) and high-grade immunity persistence is verified on the model of Guinea pigs too

Disorder-Induced Critical Phenomena in Hysteresis: Numerical Scaling in Three and Higher Dimensions

We present numerical simulations of avalanches and critical phenomena associated with hysteresis loops, modeled using the zero-temperature random-field Ising model. We study the transition between smooth hysteresis loops and loops with a sharp jump in the magnetization, as the disorder in our model is decreased. In a large region near the critical point, we find scaling and critical phenomena, which are well described by the results of an epsilon expansion about six dimensions. We present the results of simulations in 3, 4, and 5 dimensions, with systems with up to a billion spins (1000^3).Comment: Condensed and updated version of cond-mat/9609072,``Disorder-Induced Critical Phenomena in Hysteresis: A Numerical Scaling Analysis'

Thermodynamic characteristics of the classical n-vector magnetic model in three dimensions

The method of calculating the free energy and thermodynamic characteristics of the classical n-vector three-dimensional (3D) magnetic model at the microscopic level without any adjustable parameters is proposed. Mathematical description is perfomed using the collective variables (CV) method in the framework of the $\rho^4$ model approximation. The exponentially decreasing function of the distance between the particles situated at the N sites of a simple cubic lattice is used as the interaction potential. Explicit and rigorous analytical expressions for entropy,internal energy, specific heat near the phase transition point as functions of the temperature are obtained. The dependence of the amplitudes of the thermodynamic characteristics of the system for $T>T_c$ and $T<T_c$ on the microscopic parameters of the interaction potential are studied for the cases $n=1,2,3$ and $n\to\infty$. The obtained results provide the basis for accurate analysis of the critical behaviour in three dimensions including the nonuniversal characteristics of the system.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure

Experimental Substantiation of Feasibility of Using Enzymatic Fibrin Hydrolyzate-Based Medium to Obtain Components of Chemical Cholera Vaccine

The aim of the study was to experimentally substantiate the possibility of using a nutrient medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate in order to obtain specific components of chemical cholera vaccine: cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigen. Materials and methods. We used production strains of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41. Submerged low-volume cultivation was carried out in a laboratory fermenter for 8 hours, with automatic maintenance of cultivation parameters and feeding with glucose on the nutrient medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate, containing (1.0±0.1) g/l of amine nitrogen, pH being (8.0±0.1). Cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigens were obtained from detoxified formalin-treated centrifugates of culture liquids. The specific activity of V. cholerae antigens at the stages of cultivation and isolation was determined applying immunochemical methods. The preparation of the finished dosage form of the cholera vaccine and the coating of the tablets with an enteric coating was carried out in accordance with the regulatory documentation. Results and discussion. It has been shown that cultivation on the medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate provides a stable growth of the biomass of V. cholerae production strains with a high level of specific activity of antigens. Comparative analysis of the main properties of the finished dosage form of laboratory batches with a commercial batch of chemical cholera vaccine has demonstrated compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. The results obtained has led us to conclusion that it is feasible to use the nutrient medium based on enzymatic fibrin hydrolyzate for cultivating production strains and obtaining specific components of the cholera vaccine

Vasoprotective effect of effective lipid-lowering therapy in patients with <i>ST</i>-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Aim. To study the vasoprotective effects of atorvastatin depending on the achievement of the target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 48 weeks of follow-up. Materials and methods. Included were 112 STEMI patients who received atorvastatin 204080 mg. On days 79 from the onset of the disease, after 24 and 48 weeks, ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries with RF technology and applanation tonometry were performed, the lipid profile was determined. The patients were divided into groups: group 1 (n=41) of highly effective therapy (HET) who achieved the target LDL-C after 24 and 48 weeks; group 2 (n=29) in relatively effective therapy (RET) achieving target values at 24th or 48th week; group 3 (n=42) insufficiently effective therapy (IET) did not reach the target LDL-C. Results. When examining the carotid arteries in the HET group, the intima-media thickness (IMT) decreased by 10.713.1%, the b index by 14.926.3% after 2448 weeks. In the RET group, the IMT regression was 10.413.3%; b index 23.9% by the 48th week. In the IET group, the b index decreased by the 48th week by 14.3%. According to applanation tonometry in the HET group, the central pressure did not change. In the RET group, systolic pressure in the aorta increased by 1015.7% after 2448 weeks, pulse pressure by 33.9% by the end of observation. With IET, the increase was 8.66.8 and 19.825.9%, respectively. The odds ratio of developing endpoints in the RET group was 4.7 (95% CI 1.226.4; p=0.02), in the IET group 3.9 (95% CI 1.124.8; p=0.03) compared with HET. Conclusion. The most pronounced vasoprotective effect and a decrease in cardiovascular risk are associated with the achievement of the target LDL-C throughout the entire treatment period