2,934 research outputs found
Heavy Superheated Droplet Detectors as a Probe of Spin-independent WIMP Dark Matter Existence
At present, application of Superheated Droplet Detectors (SDDs) in WIMP dark
matter searches has been limited to the spin-dependent sector, owing to the
general use of fluorinated refrigerants which have high spin sensitivity. Given
their recent demonstration of a significant constraint capability with
relatively small exposures and the relative economy of the technique, we
consider the potential impact of heavy versions of such devices on the
spin-independent sector. Limits obtainable from a -loaded SDD
are estimated on the basis of the radiopurity levels and backgrounds already
achieved by the SIMPLE and PICASSO experiments. With 34 kgd exposure,
equivalent to the current CDMS, such a device may already probe to below
10 pb in the spin-independent cross section.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted Phys. Rev.
The Zel'dovich effect and evolution of atomic Rydberg spectra along the Periodic Table
In 1959 Ya. B. Zel'dovich predicted that the bound-state spectrum of the
non-relativistic Coulomb problem distorted at small distances by a short-range
potential undergoes a peculiar reconstruction whenever this potential alone
supports a low-energy scattering resonance. However documented experimental
evidence of this effect has been lacking. Previous theoretical studies of this
phenomenon were confined to the regime where the range of the short-ranged
potential is much smaller than Bohr's radius of the Coulomb field. We go beyond
this limitation by restricting ourselves to highly-excited s states. This
allows us to demonstrate that along the Periodic Table of elements the
Zel'dovich effect manifests itself as systematic periodic variation of the
Rydberg spectra with a period proportional to the cubic root of the atomic
number. This dependence, which is supported by analysis of experimental and
numerical data, has its origin in the binding properties of the ionic core of
the atom.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure
Aspects of a0-f0 mixing in the reaction pn->da0
Some aspects of a0-f0 mixing effects in the reaction
with perpendicular polarized proton beam are discussed. An angular--asymmetry
parameter is defined to study those effects. It is shown that, for energies
close to the production threshold, the angular--asymmetry parameter is proportional to the a0-f0 mixing amplitude for arbitrary polar and
azimuthal angles and of the outgoing meson. This
statement is also valid for arbitrary energies, but then only at polar angles
and . The mass dependence of the differential cross
section in the reaction in the
presence of \mix mixing is also discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 3 Figure
Testing Bell's inequality with two-level atoms via population spectroscopy
We propose a feasible experimental scheme, employing methods of population
spectroscopy with two-level atoms, for a test of Bell's inequality for massive
particles. The correlation function measured in this scheme is the joint atomic
function. An inequality imposed by local realism is violated by any
entangled state of a pair of atoms.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX, no figures. More info on
http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/~cbrif/science.htm
Measurement of the quenching factor of Na recoils in NaI(Tl)
Measurements of the quenching factor for sodium recoils in a 5 cm diameter
NaI(Tl) crystal at room temperature have been made at a dedicated neutron
facility at the University of Sheffield. The crystal has been exposed to 2.45
MeV mono-energetic neutrons generated by a Sodern GENIE 16 neutron generator,
yielding nuclear recoils of energies between 10 and 100 keVnr. A cylindrical
BC501A detector has been used to tag neutrons that scatter off sodium nuclei in
the crystal. Cuts on pulse shape and time of flight have been performed on
pulses recorded by an Acqiris DC265 digitiser with a 2 ns sampling time.
Measured quenching factors of Na nuclei range from 19% to 26% in good agreement
with other experiments, and a value of 25.2 \pm 6.4% has been determined for 10
keV sodium recoils. From pulse shape analysis, the mean times of pulses from
electron and nuclear recoils have been compared down to 2 keVee. The
experimental results are compared to those predicted by Lindhard theory,
simulated by the SRIM Monte Carlo code, and a preliminary curve calculated by
Prof. Akira Hitachi.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figure
Non-local model of hollow cathode and glow discharge - theory calculations and experiment comparison
General form of the non-local equation for an ionization source in glow
discharge and hollow cathode 3D-simulation is formulated. It is a fundamental
equation in a hollow cathode theory, which allows to make up a complete set of
field equations for a self-consistent problem in a stationary glow discharge
and a hollow cathode. It enables to describe adequately the region of negative
glow and the hollow cathode effect. Here you can see first attempts to compare
calculation results of electrical dependences (pressure - voltage) and
experimental data, - under conditions of gradual appearance of the hollow
cathode effect.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Electronic structure, optical and magnetic properties of CoFeGe Heusler alloy films
Optical properties of ferromagnetic half-metallic full-Heusler CoFeGe
alloy are investigated experimentally and theoretically. CoFeGe thin
films were obtained by DC magnetron sputtering and show the saturation
magnetization at =10 K of 5.6 /f.u., close to the value
predicted by the Slater-Pauling rule. First-principles calculations of the
electronic structure and the dielectric tensor are performed using the
full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave method in the generalized
gradient (GGA) and GGA+U approximations. The measured interband optical
conductivity spectrum for the alloy exhibits a strong absorption band in the 1
- 4 eV energy range with pronounced fine structure, which agrees well with the
calculated half-metallic spectrum of the system, suggesting a near perfect
spin-polarization in the material.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figure
The Effect of low Momentum Quantum Fluctuations on a Coherent Field Structure
In the present work the evolution of a coherent field structure of the
Sine-Gordon equation under quantum fluctuations is studied. The basic equations
are derived from the coherent state approximation to the functional
Schr\"odinger equation for the field. These equations are solved asymptotically
and numerically for three physical situations. The first is the study of the
nonlinear mechanism responsible for the quantum stability of the soliton in the
presence of low momentum fluctuations. The second considers the scattering of a
wave by the Soliton. Finally the third problem considered is the collision of
Solitons and the stability of a breather.
It is shown that the complete integrability of the Sine-Gordon equation
precludes fusion and splitting processes in this simplified model.
The approximate results obtained are non-perturbative in nature, and are
valid for the full nonlinear interaction in the limit of low momentum
fluctuations. It is also found that these approximate results are in good
agreement with full numerical solutions of the governing equations. This
suggests that a similar approach could be used for the baby Skyrme model, which
is not completely integrable. In this case the higher space dimensionality and
the internal degrees of freedom which prevent the integrability will be
responsable for fusion and splitting processes. This work provides a starting
point in the numerical solution of the full quantum problem of the interaction
of the field with a fluctuation.Comment: 15 pages, 9 (ps) figures, Revtex file. Some discussion expanded but
conclusions unchanged. Final version to appear in PR
Electron affinity of Li: A state-selective measurement
We have investigated the threshold of photodetachment of Li^- leading to the
formation of the residual Li atom in the state. The excited residual
atom was selectively photoionized via an intermediate Rydberg state and the
resulting Li^+ ion was detected. A collinear laser-ion beam geometry enabled
both high resolution and sensitivity to be attained. We have demonstrated the
potential of this state selective photodetachment spectroscopic method by
improving the accuracy of Li electron affinity measurements an order of
magnitude. From a fit to the Wigner law in the threshold region, we obtained a
Li electron affinity of 0.618 049(20) eV.Comment: 5 pages,6 figures,22 reference
- …