23 research outputs found

    ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПЕРЕСТРОЕК ГЕНА ALK В СЕЛЕКТИРОВАННОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ РОССИЙСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ НЕМЕЛКОКЛЕТОЧНЫМ РАКОМ ЛЕГКОГО

    Get PDF
    Determination of rearrangements in ALK gene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), proposed as a mandatory procedure in most current international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The aim of the study was to conduct a test by fluorescent hybridization in situ (FISH) of translocations involving ALK gene in patients referred for testing for EGFR gene mutations in the framework of the Society of oncologists-chemotherapeutists "Improvement of molecular genetic diagnosis in order to improve the efficiency of anticancer treatment» www.cancergenome.ru. Successful tests conducted in 189 out of 200 patients with NSCLC without mutations EGFR. There 12 positive tests (6.3%). The dependence of the frequency of detection of gene rearrangements of the ALK histological forms of cancer, smoking status and age of the patient was shown. The efficiency of wide FISH testing for ALK gene rearrangements in patients with glandular histological types of NSCLC was confirmed.Определение перестроек гена ALK у больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ) предложено в качестве обязательной процедуры большинством современных международных рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению онкологических заболеваний. Целью исследования было проведение тестирования методом флюоресцентной гибридизации in situ (FISH) транслокаций с участием гена ALK у пациентов, направленных на тестирование мутаций гена EGFR в рамках Программы Общества онкологов-химиотерапевтов «Совершенствование молекулярно-генетической диагностики с целью повышения эффективности противоопухолевого лечения» www.cancergenome.ru. Успешное тестирование проведено 189 из 200 больных НМРЛ без мутаций гена EGFR. Выявлено 12 позитивных случаев (6,3 %). Показана зависимость частоты выявления реаранжировок гена ALK от гистологической формы опухоли, статуса курения и возраста пациента. Подтверждена эффективность использования метода FISH для широкого тестирования перестроек гена ALK в группе больных с железистыми гистологическими типами НМРЛ

    Сравнение иммуногистохимических тестов в рамках исследования CLOVER Российского общества клинической онкологии

    Get PDF
    Introduction. The goal of the CLOVER study performed by the Russian Society of Clinical Oncology, was a pairwise comparison of three validated PD-L1 immunohistochemical (IHC) tests (Ventana SP142, Ventana SP263, Dako 22C3) in the patient population with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study is the first large Russian comparative study to evaluate PD-L1 expression levels using immunohistochemistry methods.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 473 NSCLC samples from Biobank. The IHC tests were carried out with 3 antibody clones. Four trained pathologists independently evaluated the percentage of positively stained tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC). To assess the correlation of TC and IC between different runs and the prognostic values of one test for another, a concordant analysis was used.Results. The number of PD-L1‑positive cells (≥1 %) was higher among IC compared with TC in all three IHC tests. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) for TCs were 0.71, 0.87, and 0.75 for 22C3 / SP142, 22C3 / SP263 and SP263 / SP142, respectively. PCC values for ICs were 0.45, 0.61, and 0.68 for the same pairs. A high coincidence of positive and negative results (>91 %) was obtained between the staining with antibodies 22C3 and SP263 of immunooncological agents in the 1st line.Conclusions. The highest correlation between IHC tests was obtained by pairwise comparison of 22C3 and SP263. Clone 22C3 can be considered as a substitute for SP263 in the first-line treatment of NSCLC. Clone SP142 showed weaker expression in TC and IC compared to the other two tests in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Введение. Целью исследования CLOVER, проведенного Российским обществом клинической онкологии, было попарное сравнение трех валидированныхиммуногистохимических (ИГХ) тестов PD-L1 (Ventana SP142, Ventana SP263, Dako 22C3) на одной и той же популяции пациентов с немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ). Данное исследование — это первое крупное росийское сравнительное исследование по оценке определения уровней экспрессии PD-L1 методами иммуногистохимии.Материалы и методы. Работа проведена на 473 образцах НМРЛ, полученных из Биобанка. Иммуногистохимическое исследование проведено с использованием 3 клонов антител. Четыре подготовленных патологоанатома независимо оценивали процентное содержание положительно окрашенных опухолевых клеток (ОК) и иммунных клеток (ИК). Для оценки корреляции ОК и ИК между различными анализами и прогностических свойств одного теста для другого был проведен конкордантный анализ.Результаты. Число PD-L1-позитивных клеток (1% и более) было выше среди ИК по сравнению с ОК во всех трех иммуногистохимических исследованиях. Коэффициенты корреляции Пирсона (PCC) для ОК составили 0,71, 0,87 и 0,75 между 22C3/SP142, 22C3/SP263 и SP263/SP142 соответственно. Значения PCC для ИК составили 0,45, 0,61 и 0,68 для тех же пар. Было получено высокое совпадение положительных и отрицательных результатов (>91%) между окрашиванием, полученным с антителами 22C3 и SP263 для иммуноонкологических препаратов в 1 линии.Выводы. Наиболее высокая корреляция ИГХ анализов была получена при попарном сравнении 22C3 и SP263. Клон 22C3 можно рассматривать в качестве замены SP263 при лечении НМРЛ в первой линии. Клон SP142 показал более слабую экспрессию в ОК и ИК по сравнению с двумя другими анализами у пациентов с плоскоклеточным раком

    Конструкция, место и клиническая эффективность технологии интерактивной терапии (стимуляции) мозга при цереброваскулярной патологии

    Get PDF
    Highlights. Interactive brain stimulation is the next step in neurofeedback technology, it implies the possibility of volitional regulation of the hemodynamic response of specific brain region in order to transform entire brain network and obtain the desired clinical and behavioral dynamics in patients (subjects). One of the indications for using the technology is post-stroke movements disorders when the volitional influence is focused on the motor area of the brain.Background. Neurofeedback and closely related concepts of neural interface system and “interactive brain” are considered as the foundation for developing algorithms for controlling neuroplasticity. Interactive brain therapy (stimulation) is a recently developed type of neurofeedback therapy, which implies dependence of feedback on a hemodynamic response signal recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The technology focuses on the region of interest with good accuracy and enables teaching the subject to control the activity of both individual cerebral structures and the functional connectivity between them, causing behavioral metamorphoses.Aim. To demonstrate the study design involving interactive stimulation of secondary motor areas of the brain using a bimodal fMRI-electroencephalography platform, and to describe the dynamics of the motor networks during treatment in patients with hemiparesis in the early period of recovery from stroke.Methods. The study involved 11 patients who were trained to regulate the activity of the secondary motor area and premotor cortex of the affected hemisphere, receiving feedback on the fMRI signal and the activity of the mu- (8–13 Hz) and beta2 (18–26 Hz) EEG ranges of the areas of interest. The block-designed training consisted of 6 sessions (imagination of movement – rest) with an interval of 2–3 days. During treatment the dynamics of the hemodynamic response of the areas of interest was analyzed. In test sessions (before treatment, immediately after the end, and six months later) functional connections within the motor network were reconstructed and hand function was assessed (grip strength, Fugle-Meyer Assessment, Box and Blocks test).Results. Upon completion of treatment, an increase in grip strength and dexterity was achieved; there was an increase in the fMRI signal of the premotor cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere, and a strengthening of the interhemispheric functional connectivity of the secondary motor areas.Conclusion. fMRI and the interactive brain therapy technology built on its basis, on the one hand, provide the technological foundation for the “interactive brain” and the transformation of spontaneous neuroplasticity into a controlled one, and on the other hand, serve as an important tool for monitoring the process of restructuring of cerebral networks after a stroke, providing the ability to record the emergence (or disappearance) of connectivity between brain regions, and to measure its strength in dynamics, that is, to give a numerical description of neuroplasticity.Основные положения. Интерактивная стимуляция мозга – развитие технологии нейробиоуправления, подразумевающее возможность волевого регулирования гемодинамического отклика конкретных структур мозга с целью изменения параметров активности церебральных сетей и достижения желаемой клинической и поведенческой динамики у пациентов (испытуемых). Одним из показаний к применению технологии являются двигательные нарушения вследствие инсульта; в этом случае фокус волевого воздействия направлен на моторные области мозга.Актуальность. Нейробиоуправление и тесно связанные с ним интерфейсы «мозг – компьютер» рассматривают как базу для создания алгоритмов управляемой нейропластичности. Интерактивная терапия (стимуляция) мозга – недавно сформировавшаяся модальность нейробиоуправления, подразумевающая зависимость обратной связи от сигнала гемодинамического отклика, регистрируемого средствами функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии (фМРТ). Технология позволяет с высокой точностью фокусироваться на регионе интереса и обучить субъекта контролю как активности отдельных церебральных структур, так и функциональной связности между ними с инициированием поведенческих изменений.Цель. Продемонстрировать дизайн эксперимента с интерактивной стимуляцией вторичных моторных зон мозга на бимодальной фМРТ-электроэнцефалографии платформе и описать динамику моторной сети в ходе лечения на репрезентативном примере больного с гемипарезом в раннем восстановительном периоде инсульта.Материалы и методы. 11 пациентов обучались регулировать активность дополнительной моторной области и премоторной коры пораженного полушария, получая обратную связь по сигналу фМРТ и активности мю-ритма (8–13 Гц) и бета-2-ритма (18–26 Гц) электроэнцефалографии в центральных отведениях. Курс состоял из 6 сессий в блочном дизайне (воображение движения чередовалось с отдыхом) с интервалом в 2–3 дня. В ходе лечения изучена динамика активации зон интереса. В тестовых сессиях (до лечения, сразу по его окончании и через полгода после завершения курса) проведена реконструкция функциональных связей внутри моторной церебральной сети и оценена функция руки (динамометрия хвата, шкала Фугл-Майера, тест Box and Block).Результаты. По завершении лечения достигнуто увеличение силы и ловкости руки; отмечены усиление фМРТ-сигнала премоторной коры ипсилатерального полушария и укрепление межполушарной функциональной связности вторичных моторных зон.Заключение. Таким образом, фМРТ и построенная на ее основе технология интерактивной стимуляции мозга, с одной стороны, обеспечивают технологическую основу для перевода спонтанной нейропластичности в управляемую в интересах более полной реабилитации постинсультного дефекта. С другой – фМРТ-мониторинг служит важным инструментом наблюдения за процессом перестройки церебральных сетей после инсульта, обеспечивая возможность измерять функциональную связность в динамике, то есть давать численную характеристику нейропластичности

    HIGH FIELD MRI OF JOINTS AND LIMBS’ TISSUES OF THE WOMAN’S MUMMY FROM BURIAL AK-ALAKHA-3 ON THE UKOK PLATEAU

    No full text
    The goal is to perform a paleoradiologic MRI study of the tissues of the musculoskeletal system of the mummy of a woman from the Pazyryk culture from the Ak-Alakh-3 burial ground on the Ukok Plateau, in which previously had been found tumor metastases (from the right breast) and the consequences of a severe trauma - a dislocation of the right hip and damage to the right brachial joints. The method is a high-field MRI on the magnetic resonance scanner (Achieva Nova, Philips, 1.5 T). Results. The manifestations of osteomyelitis of the femurs bones were revealed in the tissues of the musculoskeletal apparatus of the mummy. The signs of damage to the anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint and lig. bifurcatum of the right foot were revealed, which indicates the effect of unfavorable factors of traumatic genesis. There were also signs of an inflammatory process, spondyloarthritis and osteoarthritis (probably autoimmune genesis): a pronounced narrowing of both sacroiliac joints, zones of inflammatory edema of bone tissue in the projection of the left sacroiliac joint, joints of the foot, involvement of the periarticular soft tissues-achillobursitis

    The source of X-rays and high-charged ions based on moderate power vacuum discharge with laser triggering

    No full text
    The source of X-ray radiation with the energy of quanta that may vary in the range hv = 1÷12 keV was developed for studies in X-ray interaction with matter and modifi cation of solid surfaces. It was based on a vacuum spark discharge with the laser triggering. It was shown in our experiments that there is a possibility to adjust X-ray radiation spectrum by changing the confi guration of the electrode system when the energy stored in the capacitor is varied within the range of 1÷17 J. A comprehensive study of X-ray imaging and quanta energy was carried out. These experiments were carried out for the case of both direct and reverse polarity of the voltage on the electrodes. Additionally, ion composition of plasma created in a laser-triggered vacuum discharge was analyzed. Highly charged ions Zn(+21), Cu(+20) and Fe(+18) were observed

    PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF VHL GENE ALTERATION IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

    No full text
    Objective: to estimate the rate, predictive and prognostic value of VHL gene alterations in the population of patients with sporadic metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Subjects and methods. Paraffin embedded tumor tissue blocks were available from 88 patients with mRCC who had undergone antitumor therapy in 1994- 2010. Of them, 53 patients received only immunotherapy regimens with interferon (IFN)-α and 35 patients had targeted therapy with VEGFR inhibitors. VHL mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for exons of 1-3, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR products, and further sequencing. VHL gene methylation was determined by methyl-sensitive PCR.Results. Somatic mutations and/or promoter hypermethylation of the VHL gene were found in 23 (26%) patients; Of them, VHL gene mutations and promoter hypermethylation were found in 15 patients and 7 patients respectively. Mutation and promoter methylation VHL were simultaneously observed in one case. VHL gene mutations were detected only in patients with clear cell RCC while aberrant promoter methylation was seen in both clear cell and papillary RCC. With a median follow-up of 34 months (range, 2-127 months), the median time to progression (TTP) and median overall survival (OS) for the entire group of patients were 5.8 and 26.7 months, respectively. In patients with and without VHL gene alterations, the median TTP was 5.5 and 6.9 months, respectively (p = 0.15) and the median overall survival time was 22.0 and 34.5 months, respectively (p = 0.98). Moreover, the subgroup analysis revealed that VHL gene inactivation events had no impact on the objective response rate (ORR), TTP and OS in the subgroup of patients who received immunotherapy (n = 53) or antiangiogenic targeted therapy (n = 35) (p > 0.05).Conclusion. VHL gene mutations and/or promotor hypermethylation observed in 26% of patients with mRCC. These VHL gene alterations were neither prognostic nor predictive factors in mRCC patients during immunotherapy with IFN or antiangiogenic therapy with VEGFR inhibitors

    The source of X-rays and high-charged ions based on moderate power vacuum discharge with laser triggering

    No full text
    The source of X-ray radiation with the energy of quanta that may vary in the range hν = 1÷12 keV was developed for studies in X-ray interaction with matter and modification of solid surfaces. It was based on a vacuum spark discharge with the laser triggering. It was shown in our experiments that there is a possibility to adjust X-ray radiation spectrum by changing the configuration of the electrode system when the energy stored in the capacitor is varied within the range of 1÷17 J. A comprehensive study of X-ray imaging and quanta energy was carried out. These experiments were carried out for the case of both direct and reverse polarity of the voltage on the electrodes. Additionally, ion composition of plasma created in a laser-triggered vacuum discharge was analyzed. Highly charged ions Zn(+21), Cu(+20) and Fe(+18) were observed
    corecore