Reference intervals for urinary renal injury biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL in healthy children

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals in healthy children for two novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Materials & Methods: Urinary biomarkers were determined in samples from children in the UK (n = 120) and the USA (n = 171) using both Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and Luminex-based analytical approaches. Results: 95% reference intervals for each biomarker in each cohort are presented and stratified by sex or ethnicity where necessary, and age-related variability is explored using quantile regression. We identified consistently higher NGAL concentrations in females than males (p < 0.0001), and lower KIM-1 concentrations in African–Americans than Caucasians (p = 0.02). KIM-1 demonstrated diurnal variation, with higher concentrations in the morning (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This is the first report of reference intervals for KIM-1 and NGAL using two analytical methods in a healthy pediatric population in both UK and US-based populations

Dean Melanie Leslie Appoints Professor Christine Kim to the Faculty

Dean Melanie Leslie is pleased to announce the appointment of Young Ran (Christine) Kim as a Professor of Law. Kim is currently an Associate Professor of Law at the University of Utah, S.J. Quinney College of Law where she teaches Federal Income Tax, Taxation of Business Entities, and International Tax (Seminar).https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/cardozo-news-2022/1015/thumbnail.jp

Signals from unconventional monetary policy

Federal Reserve announcements of future purchases of longer-term bonds may affect asset prices by changing market expectations of the future supply of targeted securities. Such announcements may also affect asset prices by signaling that the stance of conventional monetary policy is likely to remain loose for longer than previously anticipated. Research suggests that these signaling effects were a major contributor to the cumulative declines in Treasury security yields following the eight Fed announcements in 2008 and 2009 about its first round of large-scale asset purchases.Monetary policy ; Open market operations

Cardozo Law News Brief: May 19, 2023

Featured Faculty: Alexander Reinert Jessica Roth Saurabh Vishnubhakat Gaia Bernstein Young Ran (Christine) Kim Rachel Landy Lindsay Nash Richard Weisberg Events: Class of 2023 Commencemen

Straightening out the concept of direct and indirect input requirements

Gim & Kim (1998) proposed a generalization of Jeong (1982, 1984) reinterpretation of the Hawkins-Simon condition for macroeconomic stability to off-diagonal matrix elements. This generalization is conceptually relevant for it offers a complementary view of interindustry linkages beyond final or net output influence. The extension is completely similar to the 'total flow' idea introduced by Szyrmer (1992) or the 'output-to-output' multiplier of Miller & Blair (2009). However the practical implementation of Gim & Kim is actually faulty since it confuses the appropriate order of output normalization. We provide a new and elementary solution for the correct formalization using standard interindustry accounting concepts.output multipliers, input multipliers, Leontief multipliers.