In vitro supplements improves motility and progressive score of spermatozoa in Jermasia goats

Several supplement intakes exert a marked effect on sperm quality, and this is useful in Artificial Insemination practice which is widely used in goat farming. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of in vitro supplementations in different concentrations (selenium, L-Arginine and Vitamin E) on sperm qualities; motility and progressive score of Jermasia goats. Results shown from observation at time interval; 2, 2.5, 3, 4 and 6 hours that the percentage of motility and progressive score of spermatozoa treated with 0.01 mM L-Arginine and 1 mg/ml vitamin E were significantly higher between 2 and 3 hours 0.01 mM L-Arginine and 1 mg/ml vitamin E compared to Control and other supplementation groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, after 2 hours, the motility and progressive score of 0.6 ppm selenium were declined drastically compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The combination of L-Arginine and vitamin E supplements leads to increase productions of Nitric Oxide, hence stimulates the metabolism of glucose and triggering the ATP production in the sperm. In conclusion, both L-Arginine and vitamin E supplements are significantly stimulated and the motility of fresh semen of goats in a concentration-dependent manner is improved

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for flavonoids profiling of Napier grass herbal tea

Natural plant products are becoming more and more essential in helping to promote safe well-being worldwide. This leads to a substantial rise in the consumption of various herbal teas. The presence of beneficial bioactive ingredients such as flavonoids may be correlated with Napier grass herbal tea having health benefits associated with their intake. Studies have shown that herbal teas have preferentially high antioxidant activity due to the presence of flavonoids in them. The purpose of this study was to identify the Napier grass herbal teas flavonoids prepared under different conditions. Napier grass herbal teas have been formulated using green tea and black tea processes, respectively. The tea samples were extracted in water (95°C, 30 mins) and 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol (30 mins), respectively. Approximately, 1% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid solution (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) were used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was adjusted to 0.7 mL/min, the column was thermostatically controlled at 28°C, and the injection column was kept at 20 μL. HPLC chromatograms were detected using a photodiode array UV detector at 272 nm. Gallic acid, P-coumaric acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, myricetin and kaempferol were found in both Napier grass water and methanolic extracts, respectively. The findings suggested that the HPLC techniques are ideal for the detection and identification of flavonoids in Napier grass teas

Material selection of natural fibre using a grey relational analysis (GRA) approach

Numerous situations in daily life necessitate a decision. Several of them entail selecting the best option from a number of available options. In many such cases, no single solution is optimal for all of the performance characteristics. This study proposes using grey relational analysis (GRA), a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method, to solve this problem. Material selection is vital in designing and developing products, especially for composites materials requiring special attention. The substitution of conventional materials with natural fibres as base material is commonly practised due to high material consumption in mass-producing plastic components that could harm the environment. Therefore, in this work, natural fibres were chosen as composite reinforcement in the design of cyclist helmets. This approach was used to evaluate the right natural fibre and is able to fulfill the needs of consumers and the environment. From the results, the GRA method was utilised and revealed that pineapple was the best top ranking natural fibre with a grade of 0.5687, followed closely by bamboo with a grade of 0.5678, and abaca with a grade of 0.4966. Error analysis was performed to increase the confidence level of the results obtained