Fighting the Naval Hegemon: Evolution in French, Soviet, and Chinese Naval Thought

Geography gives strategy its context. Secure from land invasion, Great Brit- ain and later the United States employed a distinctive form of sea power to defeat their adversaries. Both used their navies to control sea-lanes and vital choke points and to apply direct pressure along enemy coastlines. Through their dominance of the oceans they were able to shape the political and economic order of the world. It is fair to say that what amounts to the Anglo-American school of naval power has demonstrated its efficacy time after time: over the past 250 years these two powers have, singly or together, and always with other allies, defeated every opponent that has attempted to change that order

Axiomatic Bargaining Theory on Opportunity Assignments

This paper discusses issues of axiomatic bargaining problems over opportunity assignments. The fair arbitrator uses the principle of "equal opportunity" for all players to make the recommendation on re- source allocations. A framework in such a context is developed and several classical solutions to standard bargaining problems are reformulated and axiomatically characterized. Working Paper 06-4

Association between commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in the dental plaque of elderly individuals

ABSTRACTOpportunistic infections in the oral cavity of the elderly may increase the incidence of systemic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the oral bacterial flora between dependent elderly (in-patients) and independent elderly (community-dwelling residents). After multiplevariables were taken into account, in-patients had significantly lower detection rates than community-dwelling residents for α-streptococci (p < 0.001) and Neisseria (p 0.004), and higher detection rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p 0.024), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (p 0.011) and Actinomyces spp. (p 0.005). Among in-patients, the requirement for a high degree of care was related negatively to detection of α-streptococci, but was related significantly to detection of P. aeruginosa (p 0.018) or MRSA (p 0.004). Tube-fed in-patients had a significantly lower detection rate for αstreptococci (p 0.041) and a higher detection rate for P. aeruginosa (p 0.004) than those who did not require tube feeding. Inpatients with a history of antibiotic use had a significantly lower detection rate for α-streptococci (p 0.049) and a higher detection rate for MRSA (p 0.007) than those without a history of antibiotic use. The detection rates for P. aeruginosa or MRSA in patients without α-streptococci were higher than in in-patients with α-streptococci after controlling for age and gender (P. aeruginosa, p 0.006; MRSA, p 0.001). Overall, detection of α-streptococci had an inverse correlation with the detection of P. aeruginosa and MRSA in the oral cavity and is likely to be an indicator of pathogenic bacterial infection

A Study of Sum Peak Method in Biological Substances by Using 111In

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Creation of ballot sequences in a periodic cellular automaton

Motivated by an attempt to develop a method for solving initial value problems in a class of one dimensional periodic cellular automata (CA) associated with crystal bases and soliton equations, we consider a generalization of a simple proposition in elementary mathematics. The original proposition says that any sequence of letters 1 and 2, having no less 1's than 2's, can be changed into a ballot sequence via cyclic shifts only. We generalize it to treat sequences of cells of common capacity s > 1, each of them containing consecutive 2's (left) and 1's (right), and show that these sequences can be changed into a ballot sequence via two manipulations, cyclic and "quasi-cyclic" shifts. The latter is a new CA rule and we find that various kink-like structures are traveling along the system like particles under the time evolution of this rule.Comment: 31 pages. Section 1 changed and section 5 adde

Bethe ansatz at q=0 and periodic box-ball systems

A class of periodic soliton cellular automata is introduced associated with crystals of non-exceptional quantum affine algebras. Based on the Bethe ansatz at q=0, we propose explicit formulas for the dynamical period and the size of certain orbits under the time evolution in A^{(1)}_n case.Comment: 12 pages, Introduction expanded, Summary added and minor modifications mad

Noninvasive rapid detection of metabolic adaptation in activated human T lymphocytes by hyperpolarized ¹³C magnetic resonance.

The metabolic shift induced in human CD4 &lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T lymphocytes by stimulation is characterized by an upregulation of glycolysis, leading to an augmentation in lactate production. This adaptation has already been highlighted with various techniques and reported in several previous studies. We herein propose a method to rapidly and noninvasively detect the associated increase in flux from pyruvate to lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase using hyperpolarized &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; C magnetic resonance, a technique which can be used for in vivo imaging. It was shown that the conversion of hyperpolarized &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; C-pyruvate to &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; C-lactate during the one-minute measurement increased by a mean factor of 3.6 in T cells stimulated for 5 days as compared to resting T cells. This method can be extended to other metabolic substrates and is therefore a powerful tool to noninvasively analyze T cell metabolism, possibly in vivo