An efficient method for callus induction of an important medicinal plant (Sarcostemma brevistigma) from stem segments

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable concentration of growth regulators i.e., IAA, NAA, 2,4-D with BAP and Kin for callus induction. Stems were proved to be the best explant for culture, which were grown on MS basal medium with different concentration of various growth regulators. The standard plant tissue culture protocol for callus culture was adopted. The highest efficiency of callus formation was observed in the medium containing different concentration of 2, 4-D and BAP. In vitro generated callus can be used as a source for the isolation of secondary metabolites from Sarcostemma brevistigma

Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Oxygen Insensitive Azoreductase From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Biodegradation of Azo Dye - Methyl Red

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from water sample from Industrial effluent and was tested for decolorization activity against commercially important dye of Methyl red. Percentage dye degradation by the isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be 90%. The enzyme involved in degradation azoreductase was assayed and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. Total activity of the purified enzyme was 22.5U/mg. The enzyme gave a single band in the SDS–PAGE with a molecular weight of 29 kDa (approximately). The maximal azoreductase activity was observed at pH 7.0 and at 37°C. This activity was NADH dependent. Several metal ions inhibited the purified enzyme including Fe2+ and Hg2+

Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Oxygen Insensitive Azoreductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Biodegradation of Azo Dye - Methyl Red

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from water sample from Industrial effluent and was tested for decolorization activity against commercially important dye of Methyl red. Percentage dye degradation by the isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be 90%. The enzyme involved in degradation azoreductase was assayed and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. Total activity of the purified enzyme was 22.5U/mg. The enzyme gave a single band in the SDS–PAGE with a molecular weight of 29 kDa (approximately). The maximal azoreductase activity was observed at pH 7.0 and at 37°C. This activity was NADH dependent. Several metal ions inhibited the purified enzyme including Fe2+ and Hg2+

Contribution of infection and vaccination to population-level seroprevalence through two COVID waves in Tamil Nadu, India.

This study employs repeated, large panels of serological surveys to document rapid and substantial waning of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the population level and to calculate the extent to which infection and vaccination separately contribute to seroprevalence estimates. Four rounds of serological surveys were conducted, spanning two COVID waves (October 2020 and April-May 2021), in Tamil Nadu (population 72 million) state in India. Each round included representative populations in each district of the state, totaling ≥ 20,000 persons per round. State-level seroprevalence was 31.5% in round 1 (October-November 2020), after India's first COVID wave. Seroprevalence fell to 22.9% in round 2 (April 2021), a roughly one-third decline in 6 months, consistent with dramatic waning of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies from natural infection. Seroprevalence rose to 67.1% by round 3 (June-July 2021), with infections from the Delta-variant induced second COVID wave accounting for 74% of the increase. Seroprevalence rose to 93.1% by round 4 (December 2021-January 2022), with vaccinations accounting for 63% of the increase. Antibodies also appear to wane after vaccination. Seroprevalence in urban areas was higher than in rural areas, but the gap shrunk over time (35.7 v. 25.7% in round 1, 89.8% v. 91.4% in round 4) as the epidemic spread even in low-density rural areas

Comparative analysis of solasodine from in vitro and in vivo cultures of Solanum nigrum, Journal of This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net

An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction of Solanum nigrum Linn. from young leaves. MS medium supplemented with different concentrations IAA (1-3 mg/l) with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (1-3 mg/l) with BAP (0.5 mg/l) for callus initiation. The growth of the calli derived from leaves increased with time of incubation and remained almost constant after 30 days. For solasodine estimation, the field grown plant part of young leaves and in vitro callus (0.5 g each) were weighed and extracted thrice with methanol and subjected to HPLC. The solasodine content of field grown leaves extracts was 0.0798 mg g-1 whereas the solasodine content in the in vitro callus extracts were 0.142 mg g-1 in 2.5 mgL-1 IAA + 0.5 mgL-1 BAP, followed by 0.1162 mg g-1 in 2 mgL-1 NAA + 0.5 mgL-1 BAP