Electrostatic Quadrupole Plasma Mass Spectrometer Measurements during Thin Film Depositions using Simultaneous Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation and Magnetron Sputtering

A hybrid plasma deposition process, combining matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) of carbon nanopearls (CNPs) with magnetron sputtering of gold was investigated for growth of composite films, where 100 nm sized CNPs were encapsulated into a gold matrix. Composition and morphology of such composite films was characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Carbondeposits on a gold magnetron sputter target and carbon impurities in the gold matrices of depositedfilms were observed while codepositing from gold and frozen toluene-CNP MAPLE targets in pure argon. Electrostatic quadrupole plasma analysis was used to determine that a likely mechanism for generation of carbon impurities was a reaction between toluene vapor generated from the MAPLE target and the argon plasma originating from the magnetron sputtering process. Carbon impurities of codeposited films were significantly reduced by introducing argon-oxygen mixtures into the deposition chamber; reactive oxygen species such as O and O+ effectively removed carbon contamination of gold matrix during the codeposition processes. Increasing the oxygen to argon ratio decreased the magnetron target sputter rate, and hence hybrid process optimization to prevent gold matrix contamination and maintain a high sputter yield is needed. High resolution TEM with energy dispersive spectrometry elemental mapping was used to study carbon distribution throughout the gold matrix as well as embedded CNP clusters. This research has demonstrated that a hybrid MAPLE and magnetron sputtering codeposition process is a viable means for synthesis of composite thin films from premanufactured nanoscale constituents, and that cross-process contaminations can be overcome with understanding of hybrid plasma process interaction mechanisms

Effect of pulse flows of charged particles on the structure and mechanical properties of metals

We investigate the effect of pulse flows of hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen-helium plasma of a specific power of 20-30 GW/m² on the surface structure and mechanical properties of vanadium, niobium, and Kh16N15M3B and Kh18N10T austenitic stainless steelsyesBelgorod State Universit

Влияние социальных факторов, клинических характеристик и коморбидных нарушений на качество жизни пациентов с головной болью напряжения

Here we present the results of our study of the influence of clinical and social parameters as well as co-morbidities (as anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances) on the health related quality of life of 95patients with the most often met primary cephalgias — tension type headache. We used MOS-SF36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) as the main instrument to measure health related quality of life. Significant influence of anxiety and depression on the quality of life in patients with both frequent episodic and chronic tension type headache was reported. Anxiety in these patients was mostly associated with psychic health, general health and vitality. In patients with chronic tension type headaches depression was associated with physical functioning; in those with frequent episodic tension type headaches — with social functioning and role functioning due to emotional sate.В статье приводятся результаты исследования влияния клинических параметров, социальных факторов и коморбидных нарушений (тревога, депрессия, нарушения сна) на качество жизни 95 больных с наиболее часто встречающейся формой первичных цефалгий - головной болью напряжения. Для исследования качества жизни в работе использовался Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (MOS SF-36). Определено значительное влияние на качество жизни пациентов с хронической и эпизодической частой головной болью напряжения коморбидных нарушений (тревоги и депрессии). Тревога у этих пациентов в большей степени связана с психическим здоровьем, жизненной активностью и общим состоянием здоровья. У пациентов с хроническими головными болями напряжения депрессия связана с физическим функционированием, при частых эпизодических головных болях напряжения - с социальным функционированием и ролевым функционированием, обусловленным эмоциональным состоянием