533 research outputs found
Atomic resolution mapping of phonon excitations in STEM-EELS experiments
Atomically resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy experiments are
commonplace in modern aberrationcorrected transmission electron microscopes.
Energy resolution has also been increasing steadily with the continuous
improvement of electron monochromators. Electronic excitations however are
known to be delocalised due to the long range interaction of the charged
accelerated electrons with the electrons in a sample. This has made several
scientists question the value of combined high spatial and energy resolution
for mapping interband transitions and possibly phonon excitation in crystals.
In this paper we demonstrate experimentally that atomic resolution information
is indeed available at very low energy losses around 100 meV expressed as a
modulation of the broadening of the zero loss peak. Careful data analysis
allows us to get a glimpse of what are likely phonon excitations with both an
energy loss and gain part. These experiments confirm recent theoretical
predictions on the strong localisation of phonon excitations as opposed to
electronic excitations and show that a combination of atomic resolution and
recent developments in increased energy resolution will offer great benefit for
mapping phonon modes in real space
The âJokari signâ, an imaging feature diagnostic of a wandering accessory spleen
If cross-sectional imaging techniques often disclose the presence of an accessory spleen, they seldom detect a wandering accessory spleen. This latter diagnosis can be challenging but important and derives great benefit from computed tomography with curved multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions displaying the long vascular pedicle connecting the small mass to the splenic vessels. We call this anatomical complex the âJokari signâ, in reference to the ball-on-a-string racket game
Controlling the interfacial conductance in LaAlOâ/SrTiOâ in 90â off-axis sputter deposition
We report on the fabrication of conducting interfaces between
LaAlO
3
and
SrTiO
3
by
90
â
off-axis sputtering in an Ar atmosphere. At a growth pressure of 0.04 mbar the interface is metallic, with a carrier density of the order of
1
Ă
10
13
cm
â
2
at 3 K. By increasing the growth pressure, we observe an increase of the out-of-plane lattice constants of the
LaAlO
3
films while the in-plane lattice constants do not change. Also, the low-temperature sheet resistance increases with increasing growth pressure, leading to an insulating interface when the growth pressure reaches 0.10 mbar. We attribute the structural variations to an increase of the La/Al ratio, which also explains the transition from metallic behavior to insulating behavior of the interfaces. Our research shows that the control which is furnished by the Ar pressure makes sputtering as versatile a process as pulsed laser deposition, and emphasizes the key role of the cation stoichiometry of
LaAlO
3
in the formation of the conducting interface
Inhomogeneous superconductivity and quasilinear magnetoresistance at amorphous LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
We have studied the transport properties of LaTiO3/SrTiO3 (LTO/STO)
heterostructures. In spite of 2D growth observed in reflection high energy
electron diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy images revealed that the
samples tend to amorphize. Still, we observe that the structures are
conducting, and some of them exhibit high conductance and/or superconductivity.
We established that conductivity arises mainly on the STO side of the
interface, and shows all the signs of the 2-dimensional electron gas usually
observed at interfaces between SrTiO3 and LaTiO3 or LaAlO3, including the
presence of two electron bands and tunability with a gate voltage. Analysis of
magnetoresistance (MR) and superconductivity indicates presence of a spatial
fluctuations of the electronic properties in our samples. That can explain the
observed quasilinear out-of-plane MR, as well as various features of the
in-plane MR and the observed superconductivity.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, plus Supplementary Informatio
Kwantitatieve analyse van de bijdrage van de vegetatie tot de evapotranspiratie in duinvalleien
The 0 and the pi phase Josephson coupling through an insulating barrier with magnetic impurities
We have studied temperature and field dependencies of the critical current
in the Nb-FeSi-Nb Josephson junction with tunneling
barrier formed by paramagnetic insulator. We demonstrate that in these
junctions the co-existence of both the 0 and the states within one tunnel
junction takes place which leads to the appearance of a sharp cusp in the
temperature dependence similar to the cusp found for the
transition in metallic junctions. This cusp is not related to the
temperature induced transition itself, but is caused by the different
temperature dependencies of the opposing 0 and supercurrents through the
barrier.Comment: Accepted in Physical Review
Primary aortic thrombosis: role of enhanced multislice CT demonstrated in three exceptional cases.
Primary aortic thrombosis remains a rare entity that can be defined as clotting of the vessel without any obvious atheromatous lesion. Cancer chemotherapy, cocaine intake, essential thrombocythemia, some hypercoagulable states, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, inflammatory disease of the digestive tract and acute pancreatitis are, beside some cases of rather unknown etiology, the causes of primary aortic thrombosis. Intravenous contrast-enhanced multislice CT, which is widely available, noninvasive and affordable in terms of cost, is the imaging modality of choice for the investigation of primary aortic thrombosis and the assessment of potential complications. Three cases due to chemotherapy, antiphospholipid syndrome and acute pancreatitis are reported
Dialysis arteriovenous fistulas: the critical role of color doppler ultrasound
Despite being time-consuming and observer-dependent, CDUS is a method of choice for performing and controlling dialysis shunts. It contributes to increasing the number of native AVFs and enables early detection of lesions therefore allowing quick percutaneous or surgical therapy
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