Tree Stands and Their Productivity Dynamics at the Upper Growing Limit in Khibiny on the Background of Modern Climate Changes

Within the ecotone of the upper limit of woody vegetation on the southeastern macroslope of the Khibiny Mountain ridge (Kola Peninsula), the spatial and age structure, as well as features of the phytomass accumulation of spruce–birch stands, were studied. Analysis revealed that there was a manifold increase in the density and productivity of forest stands in the last century, and the upper border of the woodlands and dense forests has moved considerably higher into the mountains. All of this happened against the background of an increase in early summer temperatures and a longer growing season in the area in the 20th century. Our data will help simulate the response of mountain ecosystems in the region to future climate change. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Indian Constitutional Framework for Commerce and Its Awareness Among Commerce Students

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, the permanent instrument which makes the government system work. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of the citizens. The awareness of the constitutional provisions among the citizens of our country is very essential since, it makes the individuals more responsible towards the country. The Indian Constitutional Framework for Commerce deals with the provisions and regulations related to trade, commerce and intercourse within the territory of India. Awareness of such constitutional provisions among the commerce students have been tested by the investigators. For the purpose of the study, the investigators used both primary and secondary data. An awareness test has been conducted in order to test the awareness of the students related to the Indian Constitutional Framework for Commerce

Structure and Dynamics of Tree Stands at the Upper Timberline in the Western Part of the Putorana Plateau

Analysis of the age structure of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) forests in the western part of the Putorana Plateau (Sukhie Gory Range) and comparison of diachronous topographic maps and satellite images have revealed changes in the altitudinal position of the upper boundary of tree vegetation. the most significant changes occurred on south- and southwest-facing slopes. Correlations of trunk diameters with the phytomass of trees and its fractions have been found. the course of changes in the structure and phytomass of tree stands in the upper timberline over the past centuries has been reconstructed. Forest expansion has been facilitated by the general change in climate conditions (warming) in the study area.This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 17-14-01112

PHYSICO CHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOAP NUT [SAPINDUS TRIFOLIATUS] OIL FOR SOURCE AS BIODIESEL

Sapindus trifoliatus is a small tree belongs to the family Sapindaceae. Soap nut powder is a very good antibacterial and antifungal agent. It is mostly used in the cosmetic and contraceptive creams.It has a number of health benefits besides the famous benefit of keeping the hair long and healthy. It is useful in the treatment of lice's and dandruff. It is also used as detergent, bio-surfactant and remedial for organic soil pollution in the modern science. In this present study .The Physico- Chemical Properties of the Soap nut oil was analyzed by blending with conventional diesel at 10% (B10) and 20% (B20) proportions. The properties assessed in the physical parameters include, pH, Density Salinity, Viscosity, Specific gravity, Conductivity, Total dissolved oxygen and Total dissolved solid. The significant biodiesel characters like   flash point, fire point, smoke point, pour point, cloud point and carbon residue were analysed. The ultrasonic characters like ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, relaxation time were also assessed. The chemical parameters estimated such as Acid value, Iodine value and Saponification value. The values of the parameters were compared with the ASTMT standards of biodiesel. The biodiesel blend B20 is found to be within the ASTM standard and it can serve as a potential source for biodiesel.Keywords: Soap nut, Sapindus trifoliatus, Conductivity, Ultrasonic velocity, Saponification

A cadaveric study for structural variations of the stomach

Background: The morphology of the stomach taken for the study for its clinical interventions like gastro-oesophagial reflux disorders (GERD) which are very common nowadays because of unusual timing of eating food, stress related jobs, eating of junk foods etc. The obesity now considered to be the 2nd leading cause of death, which can be prevented by gastric reconstructive procedures i.e., the bariatric surgeries.  Methods: The study includes 70 adult cadavers, 28 obtained from the formalin fixed specimens kept for anatomy dissection for 1st year MBBS students from 2009 batch to 2015 batch. The remaining 42 specimens obtained from the postpartum bodies in the Forensic department of Guntur Medical College, Guntur. The abdominal cavity opened according to the incisions in the Cunninghams manual of anatomy. Stomach identified by reflecting anterior abdominal wall. Location noted, shape observed, Length taken, relations blood supply noted, results tabulated.Results: 71.4% specimens are “J” shaped, 14.2% are reverse “L” shaped, 7.2% are cresentic shaped, 7.2% are cylindrical shaped observed. The length is more in “J” shaped specimens. The lower extent of greater curvature at L3 in 71.4% specimens, at L2 in 21.4% specimens, at L4 in 7.2% specimens.Conclusions: The present study discussed about the shape of the stomach and the majority of specimens shown “J” shape. Remaining are reverse “L” shape; cresentic and cylindrical shaped.