PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF POSSIBLE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG THE GERIATRIC PATIENTS AT AN INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the prevalence and severity of possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among the geriatric patients.Methods: The present study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Case records of geriatric inpatients from the medical records department were included in the study and the case records of all the remaining age group inpatients were excluded from the study. All the collected cases were subjected to check for the DDIs using the software Micromedex 2.0 and were categorized into minor, moderate, and major based on the severity.Results: In this study, a total of 85 cases were screened for possible DDIs, and among them, 54 cases were found to be with 179 possible DDIs. The prevalence was observed to be 63.5%. Most of the possible DDIs were found to be with moderate severity (65.4%) followed by major (25.7%). Majority of the possible DDIs were observed in the Department of General Medicine (83.2%) followed by chest and tuberculosis (7.8%).Conclusion: Majorly, the severity of interactions was found to be moderate in this study. To reduce the DDIs, rationale prescriptions have to be prescribed by considering the risk-benefit ratio. Geriatrics should be prescribed very cautiously because the age-related pharmacokinetics plays a significant role. By taking all the above aspects into consideration, clinical pharmacist should play a crucial role in the prevention and management of DDIs, especially in geriatrics.Â

A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF POSSIBLE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PEDIATRICS DEPARTMENT AT AN INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: To study the prevalence and severity of possible drug-drug interactions in the department of pediatrics.Methods: Case records of the in-patients of the pediatrics department from the medical records department were included and the records of the ambulatory patients were excluded from the study. All the collected cases were subjected to check for the drug-drug interactions by using the software micromedex 2.0 and the interactions were categorized based on the severity into minor, moderate and major.Results: A total of 142 cases were screened for possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and among them 76 cases were observed to be with possible DDIs.  The prevalence was found to be 53.5% in this study. Majority of the cases with possible DDIs were observed to be in females. Results of the age wise categorization revealed that majority of the possible DDIS were observed in children (2-12 y) followed by the infants (1 mo–2 y). The drug combinations amikacin+ampicillin, paracetamol+phenytoin and ofloxacin+ondansetron were found to be the frequently observed possible DDIs of minor, moderate and major severities respectively.Conclusion: Majority of the possible DDIs were of moderate severity followed by major. Clinical pharmacists should take the responsibility in assisting the pediatricians for screening the possible DDIs in the prescriptions there by preventing them and providing a better pharmaceutical care for the pediatric population. Â

A meglumine catalyst–based synthesis, molecular docking, and antioxidant studies of dihydropyrano[3, 2-b]chromenedione derivatives

A simple method was employed for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[3, 2-b]chromenedione derivatives (4a-o) in high yields by condensation of 5, 5-dimethylcyclohexane-1, 3-dione(1), different aromatic aldehydes (2a-o), and 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one(3), using meglumine as a stable and reusable catalyst. Meglumine, an amino sugar, was employed as an environmentally benign catalyst, due to its splendid properties such as being inexpensive, recyclable, and biodegradable. The accomplished protocol employs low catalyst loading and easy work-up for the synthesis of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one derivatives. A great asset is that without any significant loss, the catalyst could be recovered and reused for extended synthetic steps. This offer huge advantage to overcome recyclability issues. Our synthesized compounds were analyzed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant properties by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging methods. The correlation in exhibition of antioxidant activity was effective at all doses. The binding interactions and molecular docking studies for entitled compounds were studied against 3MNG protein; 4k exhibited marked binding affinity with excellent docking score of −7.6 Kcal/mol and emerged as a lead compound. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ural Federal University, UrFUThe authors G. Sravya and N. Bakthavatchala Reddy are thankful to Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, for postdoctoral fellowship

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM USING IN MOBILE APPLICATION

The scope of the project would be to create a sensor interface device required for sensor data assortment of industrial atmosphere We by hand measure physical parameters in the market like temperature, humidity, level, Co2, moisture sensor and lightweight recognition that is very hard and inaccurate. An ordinary person cannot appraise the physical parameters precisely. To avert this difficulty we opting for our suggested system in which the wireless connection is carried out to acquire data in the various sensors, additionally it cuts down on setup difficulties. By utilizing Bluetooth Technology, sensors information is delivered to the approved person, who is able to begin to see the data status on Smartphone through Android Application. The work is aimed to create an alarm system which could monitor the various sensors to get Industrial parameters like smoke and temperature and transmit the information towards the approved person using Bluetooth communication technology. The main benefit of this PROJECT is supplying the safety for data while transmitting and sensing the sensor Values very precisely

The CMS Outer Hadron Calorimeter

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with a outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in CMS and thus working as a tail catcher. Fabrication, testing and calibrations of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing \et measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter has a very good signal to background ratio even for a minimum ionising particle and can hence be used in coincidence with the Resistive Plate Chambers of the CMS detector for the muon trigger

Human protein reference database—2006 update

Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) () was developed to serve as a comprehensive collection of protein features, post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein–protein interactions. Since the original report, this database has increased to >20 000 proteins entries and has become the largest database for literature-derived protein–protein interactions (>30 000) and PTMs (>8000) for human proteins. We have also introduced several new features in HPRD including: (i) protein isoforms, (ii) enhanced search options, (iii) linking of pathway annotations and (iv) integration of a novel browser, GenProt Viewer (), developed by us that allows integration of genomic and proteomic information. With the continued support and active participation by the biomedical community, we expect HPRD to become a unique source of curated information for the human proteome and spur biomedical discoveries based on integration of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data

Inhibition of Protein Aggregation: Supramolecular Assemblies of Arginine Hold the Key

BACKGROUND: Aggregation of unfolded proteins occurs mainly through the exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Any mechanism of inhibition of this aggregation should explain the prevention of these hydrophobic interactions. Though arginine is prevalently used as an aggregation suppressor, its mechanism of action is not clearly understood. We propose a mechanism based on the hydrophobic interactions of arginine. METHODOLOGY: We have analyzed arginine solution for its hydrotropic effect by pyrene solubility and the presence of hydrophobic environment by 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid fluorescence. Mass spectroscopic analyses show that arginine forms molecular clusters in the gas phase and the cluster composition is dependent on the solution conditions. Light scattering studies indicate that arginine exists as clusters in solution. In the presence of arginine, the reverse phase chromatographic elution profile of Alzheimer's amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)) peptide is modified. Changes in the hydrodynamic volume of Abeta(1-42) in the presence of arginine measured by size exclusion chromatography show that arginine binds to Abeta(1-42). Arginine increases the solubility of Abeta(1-42) peptide in aqueous medium. It decreases the aggregation of Abeta(1-42) as observed by atomic force microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experimental results we propose that molecular clusters of arginine in aqueous solutions display a hydrophobic surface by the alignment of its three methylene groups. The hydrophobic surfaces present on the proteins interact with the hydrophobic surface presented by the arginine clusters. The masking of hydrophobic surface inhibits protein-protein aggregation. This mechanism is also responsible for the hydrotropic effect of arginine on various compounds. It is also explained why other amino acids fail to inhibit the protein aggregation

Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields

peer-reviewedUltrasonication has recently received attention as a novel bioprocessing tool for process intensification in many areas of downstream processing. Ultrasonic intensification (periodic ultrasonic treatment during the fermentation process) can result in a more effective homogenization of biomass and faster energy and mass transfer to biomass over short time periods which can result in enhanced microbial growth. Ultrasonic intensification can allow the rapid selective extraction of specific biomass components and can enhance product yields which can be of economic benefit. This review focuses on the role of ultrasonication in the extraction and yield enhancement of compounds from various microbial sources, specifically algal and cyanobacterial biomass with a focus on the production of biofuels. The operating principles associated with the process of ultrasonication and the influence of various operating conditions including ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, ultrasonic duration, reactor designs and kinetics applied for ultrasonic intensification are also described

Design, Performance, and Calibration of the CMS Hadron-Outer Calorimeter

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with an outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in the calorimeter. Fabrication, testing and calibration of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing \et measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter will also be used for the muon trigger in coincidence with other muon chambers in CMS