Hubungan Salinitas Terhadap Perkembangan Telur Cephalopoda Yang Didapat Pada Perairan Pantai Bondo Kabupaten Jepara

Cephalopoda merupakan sumberdaya perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis penting. Sebagian besar produksi Cephalopoda di Indonesia berasal dari tangkapan di alam. Kegiatan penangkapan sudah saatnya disertai dengan upaya pengaturan penangkapan dan kegiatan budidaya yang meliputi upaya pemijahan (hatchery) dan pelepasan benih ke alam (restocking). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui pengaruh dan hubungan parameter oseanografi salinitas untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, kecepatan penetasan, waktu penetasan kapsul telur dan embrio Cephalopoda serta perkembangannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratories dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan pertama (A) dengan salinitas 20 ppt, perlakuan kedua (B) dengan salinitas 25 ppt, perlakuan ketiga (C) dengan salinitas 30 ppt. Penelitian ini juga melakukan 1 pengukuran pada habitat alami untuk dijadikan perbandingannya. Variabel yang di ukur adalah panjang lebar kapsul telur, panjang lebar telur kemudian di hitung nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR). Variabel yang diamati dan dicatat adalah lama inkubasi, periode penetasan, dan perkembangan embrio. Data hasil penelitian diuji kenormalan datanya dan diolah menggunakan analisis sidik ragam, sedangkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan di uji menggunakan uji-F dengan bantuan SPSS dan untuk mengetahui pola hubungannya dilakukan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan salinitas dan suhu memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan panjang dan lebar kapsul serta panjang dan lebar telur Sepioteuthis lessoniana dan Sepia officinalis dibuktikan dengan hasil perhitungan melalui uji anova untuk nilai F-hitung>F-tabel. Lama inkubasi pada Sepioteuthis lessoniana tercepat yaitu 18 hari dengan waktu penetasan selama 3 hari pada salinitas 30 ppt dengan suhu 29-30 oC dan 31 ppt dengan suhu 28-30,5o C, sedangkan untuk Sepia officinalis lama inkubasi tercepat adalah 15 hari dengan waktu penetasan 2 hari pada salinitas 30 ppt dengan suhu 29-30o C dan 31 ppt dengan suhu 28-30,5o C. Semakin tingi salinitas maka semakin cepat perkembangan dan pertumbuhaan, lama inkubasi dan periode penetasan kapsul telur dan telur selama masa inkubasi. The fishery resource is cephalopoda value economically important. Most of the production of cephalopoda in Indonesia originating from catches in nature. Activities catching it time accompanied by the effort of setting arrest of aquaculture activities and covering the efforts of spawning (hatchery) and release the seed to nature (restocking). This research aims to know us salinity that are appropriate for the developmental growth, speed hatching, egg capsules and hatching period of embryonic development and cephalopoda. Research methods used are experimental laboratories.The research methods used are experimental laboratories by using a complete Randomized Design (RAL), which consists of 3 treatment with three replicates. The first treatment (A) with a salinity of 20 ppt, the second (B) treatment with a salinity of 25 ppt, a third treatments (C) with a salinity of 30 ppt. The study also do 1 measurement on the natural habitat for the comparison. The research variable are the length of the egg capsule, the length of egg and calculate the value of the specific growth rate (SGR). The observed variables period of incubation, hatching time, and the period of embryonic development. Data research results was normally of test and analysis using fingerprints, are to know the differences between the treatments tested using test-F using SPSS and to know the pattern of relationship done regression analysis. The research results show the temperature and salinity treatment give very significant influence toward growth capsule length and width as well as length and width egg Sepioteuthis lesoniana and Sepia officinalis, This is proved by the result of the anova calculation for the value of the F-count > F-table. Sepioteuthis lessoniana long incubation on fastest 18 days with a period of hatching for 3 days at a salinity of 30 ppt with a temperature of 29-30° C and 31 ppt with a temperature of 28 -30, 5o C, sepia officinalis medium for long ikubasi the fastest is 15 days with a period of 2 days of hatching on the salinity of 30 ppt with a temperature of 29-30° C and 31 ppt with a temperature of 28 -30,5o C. Higher salinity support faster development and growth, lenght incubation period hatching eggs and egg capsules during the incubation period

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Kitinase Asal Bacillus Cereus 11 UJ

Kitinase merupakan enzim yang menghidrolisis polimer kitin menjadi oligomer kitin atau monomer Nasetilglukosamin.Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi kitinase untuk memperoleh informasiaktivitas optimum kitinase asal B. cereus 11 UJ. Isolasi enzim kasar kitinase dan purifikasi parsial dilakukan denganpengendapan amonium sulfat jenuh 70% dan dialisis menggunakan membran selofan, selanjutnya dikarakterisasiuntuk memperoleh aktivitas optimum pada berbagai kondisi pH, suhu, waktu inkubasi, ion logam serta penentuannilai Km dan Vmaks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemurnian kitinase dengan amonium sulfat 70% dan dialisismenunjukkan tingkat kemurnian masing-masing 2.40 kali dan 5.23 kali dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasar enzim.Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa kitinase asal B. cereus isolat 11 UJ mempunyai pH optimum 8, suhuoptimum 37oC, dan waktu inkubasi optimum selama 120 menit. Kation Mn2+, Fe2+, dan Cu2+ dengan konsentrasi10 mM diketahui dapat berfungsi sebagai inhibitor. Kitinase mempunyai nilai Km sebesar 29.71 μg/mL dan Vmakssebesar 1.035 x 10-1 μg/mL detik

Prospect of Using Bacterial Bio-formulation to Suppress Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice: a Case Study in Cianjur, West Java

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major disease of rice in Indonesia which remains difficult to be controled. A number of bacterial isolates had been collected and screened for their ability to antagonize Xoo disease. Six isolates with the highest antagonistic potential and wide spectrum were chosen for studies based on their ability to control the disease. Bio-formulations consisted of single or mixtures (consortium) of the bacterial antagonists were formulated and tested for their effectiveness to control BLB under field trials in Cianjur, West Java. Efficacy of the bio-formulations against the disease on different rice cultivars varied significantly with HDB reductions ranging from 10.5% to 29.4% among the cultivars tested in the WS 2010/2011. The mixture of A6 + A8-bentonite showed a good ability to reduce BB infestation by up to 25%. Performance of the A6+A8-bentonite formulation also exceeded those of the individual isolate formulations, such as Burkholderia spp. E76-bentonite and S. marcescens SKM-kaolin. Application of the bacterial mixture formulation did not affect significantly on rice plant height, number of tillers, and weight of 1000 grains, but increased grain yield up to 8%. This study showed that the advantages of single or mixed cultures were apparent and further evaluation for application of bio-formulation need to be done under more intensive field conditions

Karakterisasi dan Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Endofitik Penghambat Jamur Patogen Padi

Disease caused byfungal pathogens often causing damage on rice crop. Thisstudy was aimed to characterize 10 endohytic bacterial isolatesin suppression of rice pathogenic fungi. Characterization by invitro test showed several endophytic isolates effective againstfungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) and Pyriculariaoryzae (Po). The bacterial culture filtrates could inhibit radialgrowth of fungal colonies with the Rs ranged percentageinhibition of 32.9-99.4%, whilst inhibition against Po wereranged from 3-98.2%, respectively. Based on chitinase assay,it was indicated that gram negative bacteria of E 76 isolateproduced clear zone and highest chitinolytic index. Theanalysis to the base sequence (total 1,322 bp) using 16s rRNAgene sequencing revealed that E76 isolates had 99% similaritywith Burkholderia sp

Control of Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides) Using Nano Chitosan Hydrolyzed by Chitinase Derived From Burkholderia Cepacia Isolate E76

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the important diseases of fruit crops that need to be controlled. This study was aimed to obtain the best formula of hydrolyzed nano chitosan and its potensial in controlling anthracnose. The hydrolyzed chitosan was prepared using chitinase enzyme extracted from Burkholderia cepacia isolate E76. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation method by reacting hydrolyzed chitosan (0.2%) with Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) (0.1%) as cross-linking agent using 30–60 minutes stirring condition. The bioactivity of the nano chitosan formula was tested to C. gloeosporioides under in vitro and in vivo assays. The specific enzymatic activity of the purified chitinase was higher (0.19 U/mg) than that of crude enzyme (supernatant) with the purity increased by 3.8 times. Of the four formula tested, Formula A (hydrolyzed chitosan to STPP volume ratio of 5 : 1 with 60 minutes stirring condition) was found good in terms of physical characteristic of the particle. The formula nano chitosan particle had the spherical-like shape with an average particle size of 126.2+3.8 nm, polydispersity index (PI) of 0.4+0.02, and zeta potential (ZP) value of 27.8+0.2 mV. Nano chitosan had an inhibitory activity to C. gloeosporioides in vitro up to 85.7%. Moreover, it could inhibit 61.2% of C. gloeosporioides spores germination. It was shown that nano chitosan was also effective to reduce anthracnose disease severity in vivo when applied as a preventive measure on Chili and papaya fruits. This study could be used as a reference for further fruit coating application using nano chitosan as a promising postharvest biocontrol agent to C. gloeosporioides

Keragaman Genetik Rizobakteri Penghasil Asam Indol Asetat Berdasarkan 16S RRNA dan Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis

Asam indol asetat (AIA) dapat dihasilkan oleh bakteri rizosfer/rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (PPT). Keragaman genetik isolat bakteri PPT indigenous Indonesia perlu diinvestigasi untuk mencari sumber potensial agen PPT dengan informasi kekerabatan intra dan interspesies yang jelas. Karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman genetik rizobakteri penghasil AIA indigenous Indonesia dengan gen 16S rRNA, dilengkapi dengan ARDRA. Koleksi isolat bakteri BB Biogen diidentifikasi kandungan AIA-nya, morfologi secara makroskopis dan sekuensing pada sekuen 16S rRNA dan ARDRA. Total empat belas isolat rizobakteri memiliki kandungan AIA dalam kisaran 5,24-37,69 µg/ml dan tertinggi pada SM1. Karakteristik morfologi koloni rizobakteri mendukung variasi strain bakteri penghasil AIA. Delapan isolat terpilih diidentifikasi sebagai spesies Bacillus dengan homologi 96-99%. Lima isolat (SM1, JP4, KP3, MB2, dan CP3) diidentifikasikan sebagai B. subtilis, SC2 sebagai B. amyloliquefaciens, BL2 dekat dengan B. velezensis, dan JP3 memiliki homologi tinggi dengan Brevundimonas olei. Delapan isolat rizobakteri tersebut berkerabat dekat dengan strain bakteri referensi yang memiliki kesamaan spesies. Analisis ARDRA-RsaI menghasilkan lima filotipe dengan keunikan pola sidik jari. Isolat CP3, MB 2, dan KP 3 berada dalam satu filotipe. Kedekatan isolat dalam Bacillus sp. digambarkan oleh filotipe 5 (B. subtilis SM1 dan B. velezensis BL2) yang diduga jauh dari B. amyloliquefaciens SC2 (filotipe 4) dan JP 3 pada genus Brevundimonas (filotipe 3). Keragaman genetik isolat rizobakteri penghasil AIA terhitung rendah berdasarkan 16S-rRNA dan ARDRA-RsaI

SPRING-INX: A Multilingual Indian Language Speech Corpus by SPRING Lab, IIT Madras

India is home to a multitude of languages of which 22 languages are recognised by the Indian Constitution as official. Building speech based applications for the Indian population is a difficult problem owing to limited data and the number of languages and accents to accommodate. To encourage the language technology community to build speech based applications in Indian languages, we are open sourcing SPRING-INX data which has about 2000 hours of legally sourced and manually transcribed speech data for ASR system building in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi and Tamil. This endeavor is by SPRING Lab , Indian Institute of Technology Madras and is a part of National Language Translation Mission (NLTM), funded by the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India. We describe the data collection and data cleaning process along with the data statistics in this paper.Comment: 3 pages, About SPRING-INX Dat

Identifikasi Entomopatogen Bakteri Merah Pada Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata Lugens Stål.)

Indentification of Entomopathogenic Red Bacterial fromBrown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.). Tri P.Priyatno, Yohana A. Dahliani, Yadi Suryadi, I MadeSamudra, Dwi N. Susilowati, Iman Rusmana, Baskoro S.Wibowo, and Cahyadi Irwan. Red bacteria isolated frombrown planthopper (BPH) has been proven pathogenicagainst BPH and others insects. Application of 106 to 107cells/ml of red bacteria caused 65.6-78.2% mortality of BPH.The 50% effective concentration (EC50) and lethal time of redbacteria against BPH is 2.8 x 105 cells/ml and 6.8 days,respectively. Based on phenotypic characters tested on GNMicroPlateTM Biolog kit and 16S rRNA sequneces analysis,red bacteria was identified as Serratia marcescens with 99%similarity. Red pigmen produced by S. marcescens strainBPH is secondary metabolite determined as prodigiosinshowing bactericidal activities against Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae. We concluded that S. marcescens did not onlypotent as biocontrol agent to BPH, but also it can be used tocontrol plant pathogenic bacteria