The logic and linguistic model for automatic extraction of collocation similarity

The article discusses the process of automatic identification of collocation similarity. The semantic analysis is one of the most advanced as well as the most difficult NLP task. The main problem of semantic processing is the determination of polysemy and synonymy of linguistic units. In addition, the task becomes complicated in case of word collocations. The paper suggests a logical and linguistic model for automatic determining semantic similarity between colocations in Ukraine and English languages. The proposed model formalizes semantic equivalence of collocations by means of semantic and grammatical characteristics of collocates. The basic idea of this approach is that morphological, syntactic and semantic characteristics of lexical units are to be taken into account for the identification of collocation similarity. Basic mathematical means of our model are logical-algebraic equations of the finite predicates algebra. Verb-noun and noun-adjective collocations in Ukrainian and English languages consist of words belonged to main parts of speech. These collocations are examined in the model. The model allows extracting semantically equivalent collocations from semi-structured and non-structured texts. Implementations of the model will allow to automatically recognize semantically equivalent collocations. Usage of the model allows increasing the effectiveness of natural language processing tasks such as information extraction, ontology generation, sentiment analysis and some others

Metagenomics — A Technological Drift in Bioremediation

Nature has its ways of resolving imbalances in its environment and microorganisms are one of the best tools of nature to eliminate toxic pollutants. The process of eliminating pollutants using microbes is termed Bioremediation. Metagenomics is a strategic approach for analysing microbial communities at a genomic level. It is one of the best technological upgradation to bioremediation. Identification and screening of metagenomes from the polluted environments are crucial in a metagenomic study. This chapter emphasizes recent multiple case studies explaining the approaches of metagenomics in bioremediation in different contaminated environments such as soil, water etc. The second section explains different sequences and function-based metagenomic strategies and tools starting from providing a detailed view of metagenomic screening, FACS, and multiple advanced metagenomic sequencing strategies dealing with the prevalent metagenomes in bioremediation and giving a list of different widespread metagenomic organisms and their respective projects. Eventually, we have provided a detailed view of different major bioinformatic tools and datasets most prevalently used in metagenomic data analysis and processing during metagenomic bioremediation

(R1511) Numerical Solution of Differential Difference Equations Having Boundary Layers at Both the Ends

In this paper, numerical solution of differential-difference equation having boundary layers at both ends is discussed. Using Taylor’s series, the given second order differential-difference equation is replaced by an asymptotically equivalent first order differential equation and solved by suitable choice of integrating factor and finite differences. The numerical results for several test examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method

Efficient microwave synthesis of novel aromatic esters catalyzed by zirconia and its modified forms: a kinetic study

A series of solid acids such as ZrO2, 5% Mo(VI)/ZrO2, 10% Mo(VI)/ZrO2, 20% Mo(VI)/ZrO2 and SO42-/ZrO2 were prepared. These solid acids were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD/n-butylamine back titration, powder-XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ICP-OES techniques. The catalytic performance of these solid acids was evaluated in the synthesis of novel aromatic esters by the assistance of microwave irradiation and the catalytic activity of these solid acids was compared with pTsOH. The results clearly indicated that the zirconia based solid acids are efficient green catalysts for esterification reactions, which gave a maximum yield of the ester in a shorter reaction time and comparable catalytic activity of the pTsOH Bronsted acid. Kinetic studies were carried out to calculate the temperature coefficients (1.66 and 1.56) and energy of activation (66.82 kJ mol(-1) and 58.93 kJ mol(-1)) for SO42-/ZrO2 and pTsOH respectively. Pre-adsorption studies revealed that the reaction follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The SO42-/ZrO2 solid acid catalyst was found to be reactivable and reusable

Forest hardening and Hirth lock during grinding of copper evidenced by MD simulations

Through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, grinding process of a single crystal copper with two scratch configurations (i) near spacing (NS) between adjacent scratches, and (ii) far spacing (FS) between adjacent scratches were simulated and compared to the control sample i.e., a single scratch (SS). FS configuration revealed the highest material removal, whereas NS configuration showed that the material removal is affected by various types of defects in the sub-surface which include FCC intrinsic stacking fault, a coherent twin boundary next to an intrinsic stacking fault and two adjacent intrinsic stacking faults. The formation of a Stair-rod 1/6 due to the reaction between two Shockley partial dislocations 1/6 was seen as a distinct feature of the NS configuration which forms the onset of hardening

Comparative study of functional outcome of distal one-third shaft tibia fractures treated with tip locking tibia nailing versus precontoured anatomical locking plate

Background: The distal 1/3rd shaft tibia extra-articular fractures are treated with both tip locking intra-medullary nailing (TLIMN) and precontoured anatomical locking plates (PCALP). The aim of this study was to compare the results of TLIMN and PCALP in distal tibia fractures and to determine dominant strategies. The complications and functional outcome in both groups were compared. Methods: Forty patients with distal 1/3rd shaft tibia were randomly assigned to TLIMN (group 1) and PCALP group (group 2). The functional outcomes were evaluated using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Complications like infection, delayed union, non-union, malunion, hardware prominence and secondary interventions were compared. Results: The average union time was 15.05±3.33 weeks in group 1 and 13.4±2.46 weeks in group 2 (p=0.045). The mean AOFAS score at 1 year follow up was 89.8±6.13 in group 1 and 89.1±6.15 in group 2 (p=0.262). Five patients in group 1 and one in group 2 had mal-alignment. Deep infection was present in one and superficial infection was present in two cases in group 2. Four patients in group 1 developed anterior knee pain and five patients in group 2 had hardware prominence. Conclusions: We conclude that tip locking intra-medullary nail is a reliable and satisfactory method for treatment of fractures of distal 1/3rd shaft tibia AO type 42A, 42B and 42C fractures with good functional outcomes and high union rates with comparatively low complications. Prevalence of malunion was higher in TLIMN group and hardware prominence was more prevalent in PCALP group. Implant removal are more in PCALP group mostly due to implant irritation

Surgical Stabilization of Femur Fractures in Post-Traumatic Hypoxemic Patients: When and Why?

Background: Post-traumatic hypoxemia can deteriorate during operative manipulations. Objectives: In the present study, criteria-based approach was applied to determine optimum conditions for femur surgery. The aim of this study was to optimize perioperative management of post-traumatic hypoxemia. Patients and Methods: In this prospective observational study, post-traumatic adults with PaO2 200 mmHg (FiO2 < 0.5, PEEP < 8 cm H2O). Results: A total of 31 adults (26 males and 5 females) with LIS of 0.1 to 2.5 (26 patients) and > 2.5 (five patients) at admission were recruited. Sixteen patients were admitted within 24 hours and 15 between 24 and 90 hours after injury. Thirteen patients were operated within 24 hours. Post-operative LIS was improved. No adverse sequels or mortality were seen. Conclusions: Appropriate surgical stabilization can be safely performed during established post-traumatic hypoxemia using a multidisciplinary approach, continuous monitoring, and serial investigations to diagnose fulminant pathology and associated injuries

Non-linear IVIV characteristics in two-dimensional superconductors: Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless physics vs inhomogeneity

One of the hallmarks of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors is the universal jump of the superfluid density, that can be indirectly probed via the non-linear exponent of the current-voltage $IV$ characteristics. Here, we compare the experimental measurements of $IV$ characteristics in two cases, namely NbN thin films and SrTiO$_3$-based interfaces. While the former display a paradigmatic example of BKT-like non-linear effects, the latter do not seem to justify a BKT analysis. Rather, the observed $IV$ characteristics can be well reproduced theoretically by modelling the effect of mesoscopic inhomogeneity of the superconducting state. Our results offer an alternative perspective on the spontaneous fragmentation of the superconducting background in confined 2D systems.Comment: Final version, as publishe