Broomrape seed germination on nutritive media and possibility of its biological control

In tests of sunflower hybrids' susceptibility to broomrape under artificial inoculation conditions, a high germination rate of broomrape seed used for infestation is prerequisite. On the other hand, one of the ways to reduce the great potential of broomrape seeds is biological control. Seed germination was evaluated on three different media. The first medium was water agar with giberellic acid (GA3) and presence of roots of the susceptible sunflower hybrid NS-H-111. The medium for the evaluation of influence of the biological agent on seed germination was the same with bioagent Trifender added in concentration of 1%. The check was a medium with GA3 only. Seeds of Orobanche cumana were collected in sunflower fields in Vojvodina at five different localities. The seeds were placed in Petri dishes with nutritive media and incubated at 25°C in the dark. Germination rate, germ length and distance of germinated broomrape seed from sunflower root were determined at 7 day intervals under the dissecting microscope. After 28 days on the GA3 medium with sunflower roots broomrape seeds germinated at the rate of 44-68%, while on media with Trifender they had significantly lower germination (4-41%). There was no broomrape seed germination on water agar with GA3 only in any sample. Germ lengths of seeds on the GA3+sunflower roots media were significantly longer than those on the medium with Trifender. Orobanche seed which were closer to the sunflower root had better germination on both media

Influence of nutritive media and low temperatures on broomrape seed germination

The germination of broomrape seeds on different nutritive media and at low temperatures was tested. Broomrape seed was collected from three localities in Northern part of Serbia. Nutritive media which were used are: water agar, water agar with gibberelic acid and water agar with biological agent Trifender. Temperature regimes were: without cooling, and in the fridge for 7, 14 and 21 days at + 4°C. The highest number of germinated seeds was observed on the agar medium with gibberelic acid in presence of sunflower roots. Cooling of broomrape seeds on 4°C during 21 day leads to stimulation of their germination and average radicle length. The effect of bio-agent Trifender should be further investigated

Human Resource Development as a possibility for developing the most underdeveloped micro-regions of Hungary

One of the problems in regional development policy having been present for a long time – and presumably to remain for a long while – is developing the most underdeveloped regions. Unfortunately the difference between the developed and the underdeveloped has increased in Hungary during the last two decades – despite the strengthening regional politics. These regions are usually afflicted with multiple disadvantages, therefore it is not enough to explore and change only one cause leading to underdevelopment. It is of complex origin; the effect of several correlated factor-layers can be observed. It is an elemental thesis in case of local improvements that investing into human resources (to put it in an ordinary way, into people) and improving the conditions of the population (qualification, healthcare, standards of living, etc.) is one of the most efficient and less costly means to eliminate underdevelopment. Despite its cost-efficiency only long-term results can be expected; in many cases it takes generations to benefit from the investment. In this work we will review the conclusions and suggestions of the educational aspects of a complex Hungarian development programme

Lyophilization as a method for pathogens long term preservation

Lyophilization (freeze-drying) is one of the most suitable methods used for a long term preservation of pathogens. The aim of this paper was the application of lyophilization for storage of three significant plant pathogens: Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium gramineum, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. gylicinea, respectively. The plant material was collected continuously (during a four year period 2002-2006), depending on a plant development stage, from different localities in Vojvodina. Pathogens were isolated from diseased parts with characteristic symptoms, and placed on nutritive media specific for a certain pathogen, using standard phytopathological methods. Lyophilization was carried out in marked and coded ampoules by freezing and drying of pathogen suspension and nutritive medium. Revitalization of lyophilized isolates was done after four days. High percentage of revitalization was characteristic for all studied isolates, and it ranged from 85-92%, confirming that lyophilized pathogens would be capable of keeping viability for a long time in the collection. Besides above mentioned pathogens, there were 200 isolates in the collection, originating mostly from field and vegetable crops. Each isolate that was put into the Collection, was followed by all the necessary data such as: name of the pathogen, number of isolates, locality, host plant year of isolation, name of the researcher and other relevant data

Rapid Fatal Outcome from Pulmonary Arteries Compression in Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a malignancy that metastasizes frequently to lymph nodes including the mediastinal lymph nodes. This occurrence may produce symptoms due to compression of adjacent structures such as the superior vena cava syndrome or dysphagia from esophageal compression. We report the case of a 59-year-old man with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma for whom mediastinal lymphadenopathy led to pulmonary artery compression and a rapidly fatal outcome. This rare occurrence has to be distinguished from pulmonary embolism, a much more frequent event in cancer patients, in order that proper and prompt treatment be initiated

Phoma Macdonaldi na semenu i njen značaj u etiologiji crne pegavosti suncokreta

Phoma macdonaldi Boerema, teleomorph Leptosphaeria lindquistii Frezzi, is a widespread pathogen of sunflower. The aim of this research was to identify the presence of fungus P. macdonaldi in seed of different sunflower hybrids, as well as the correlation between seed and field infection. Phoma black stem assessment was performed on three hybrids grown in six localities in Serbia. Untreated and processed seeds of these hybrids were used in the seed health test. Severity of the disease did not differ between localities. Average disease index for hybrids H7, H9 and H19 was 14.01%, 13.25% and 11.83% respectively, and it shows that there are no significant differences in hybrid susceptibility. The index of disease indicates tolerance of these hybrids to Phoma black stem. Seed analysis showed the presence of fungi from the following genera: Phoma, Alternaria, Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Seed infection with Phoma (of the untreated seeds) per hybrid ranged from 1.2–3.5%. There is no significant correlation between stem and seed infection.Phoma macdonaldi Boerema; teleomorf Leptosphaeria lindquistii Frezzi jedan je od najraširenijih patogena suncokreta. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi prisustvo gljive P. macdonaldi na semenu različitih hibrida suncokreta kao i korelacija između infekcije stabla u polju i infekcije semena. Procena inteziteta bolesti izvršena je na tri hibrida koja su gajena na šest lokaliteta. Za određivanje zdravstvenog stanja korišćeno je netretirano i dorađeno seme hibrida ispitivanih u polju. Intenzitet napada bolesti nije se značajno razlikovao među lokalitetima. Prosečan indeks oboljenja za hibride H7, H9 i H19 bio je 14,01%, 13,25% i 11,83% što pokazuje da ne postoje značajne razlike u osetljivosti hibrida prema crnoj pegavosti. Takođe, dobijeni indeks ukazuje na tolerantnost ispitivanih hibrida prema ovom prouzrokovaču bolesti. Analizom zdravstvenog stanja semena suncokreta utvrđeno je prisustvo gljiva iz sledećih rodova: Phoma, Alternaria, Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Penicillium i Aspergillus. Zaraženost semena gljivom P. macdonaldi utvrđena je na dorađenom i netretiranom semenu i kretala se od 1,2–3,5%. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između infekcije stabla i semena u poljskim uslovima. Ovo se može objasniti niskim stepenom napada patogena i prisustvom simptoma samo na stablu, a ne na glavici suncokreta

dReDBox: Materializing a full-stack rack-scale system prototype of a next-generation disaggregated datacenter

Current datacenters are based on server machines, whose mainboard and hardware components form the baseline, monolithic building block that the rest of the system software, middleware and application stack are built upon. This leads to the following limitations: (a) resource proportionality of a multi-tray system is bounded by the basic building block (mainboard), (b) resource allocation to processes or virtual machines (VMs) is bounded by the available resources within the boundary of the mainboard, leading to spare resource fragmentation and inefficiencies, and (c) upgrades must be applied to each and every server even when only a specific component needs to be upgraded. The dRedBox project (Disaggregated Recursive Datacentre-in-a-Box) addresses the above limitations, and proposes the next generation, low-power, across form-factor datacenters, departing from the paradigm of the mainboard-as-a-unit and enabling the creation of function-block-as-a-unit. Hardware-level disaggregation and software-defined wiring of resources is supported by a full-fledged Type-1 hypervisor that can execute commodity virtual machines, which communicate over a low-latency and high-throughput software-defined optical network. To evaluate its novel approach, dRedBox will demonstrate application execution in the domains of network functions virtualization, infrastructure analytics, and real-time video surveillance.This work has been supported in part by EU H2020 ICTproject dRedBox, contract #687632.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Electronic and traditional savings accounts in colombia: A spatial agglomeration model

The purpose of this article is to apply a multivariate spatial statistics technique: cluster analysis or spatial agglomeration, in order to classify departments into groups based on behavior in the number of active, inactive electronic savings accounts and savings traditional active accounts, with database available as of September 2017 in the bank of Colombia. The selection of this type of accounts was due to the fact that the financial product with the highest penetration in the Colombian population in September 2017, continued to be the savings account; 73.5% of the population had this financial product. However, this percentage is far from the target of 84% proposed in the National Development Plan. The findings show that the departments where electronic accounts are most used are Cauca, Bogotá, Meta, Casanare, Arauca, Vichada, Huila, Amazonas, Guainía, Vaupés, Caldas, Chocó, Sucre, La Guajira, César, Norte de Santander, however, the levels of penetration of this type of product are very low yet in the Colombian territory

Germination of broomrape seed on different nutritive media

In the agroecological conditions of Serbia broomrape (Orobanche cumana) as a parasite of sunflower has been appearing with varying intensity almost every year and can cause significant damage. Resistant or tolerant sunflower hybrids are the most efficient and the most economical measures in the suppression of this parasitic plant. In the tests of sunflower hybrids susceptibility to broomrape under artificial infestation, high germinativity of broomrape seeds used for infestation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate influence of different nutritive media on broomrape seed germination including water agar (WA), water agar+giberellic acid (GA cone. 25 ppm) and water agar+trifender (T conc.1%) in the presence or not of 7days old sunflower roots, hybrid (NS-H-111). Trifender is a biological pesticide from Trichoderma asperellum acting as plant growth promoter with beneficial side effect to control soil borne pathogens when incorporated in soil. Seeds of Orobanche cumana were collected in the sunflower fields in Vojvodina (Senta and Vrsac) during 2009. Seed samples were kept in the fridge on 4°C for 10 months for break dormancy. Surface sterilized seeds (25 seeds in 4 replicates for each treatment) were put in Petri dishes with nutritive media with or without roots of 7 day-old sunflower plants and incubated at 25°C in the dark. Germination rate was determined every 7 days under dissecting microscope. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan test