Observable Effects of Shocks in Compact and Extended Presupernovae

We simulate shock propagation in a wide range of core-collapsing presupernovae: from compact WR stars exploding as SNe Ib/c through very extended envelopes of the narrow-line SNe IIn. We find that the same physical phenomenon of radiating shocks can produce outbursts of X-ray radiation (with photon energy $3kT \sim 1$ keV) lasting only a second in SNe Ib/c, as well as a very high flux of visual light, lasting for months, in SNe IIn.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, presented at ESO/MPA/MPE Workshop ``From Twilight to Highlight: The Physics of Supernovae'', Garching, July 2002. Proc. W.Hillebrandt and B.Leibundgut (Eds.), Springer Series ``ESO Astrophysics Symposia'', Berlin; minor correction

Polymorphisms of genes and the risk of preeclampsia

They studied the relations of genetic polymorphisms with the risk of preeclampsia occurrence depending on hereditary complicatio

Soliton absorption spectroscopy

We analyze optical soliton propagation in the presence of weak absorption lines with much narrower linewidths as compared to the soliton spectrum width using the novel perturbation analysis technique based on an integral representation in the spectral domain. The stable soliton acquires spectral modulation that follows the associated index of refraction of the absorber. The model can be applied to ordinary soliton propagation and to an absorber inside a passively modelocked laser. In the latter case, a comparison with water vapor absorption in a femtosecond Cr:ZnSe laser yields a very good agreement with experiment. Compared to the conventional absorption measurement in a cell of the same length, the signal is increased by an order of magnitude. The obtained analytical expressions allow further improving of the sensitivity and spectroscopic accuracy making the soliton absorption spectroscopy a promising novel measurement technique.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Shock Breakout in Type II Plateau Supernovae: Prospects for High Redshift Supernova Surveys

Shock breakout is the brightest radiative phenomenon in a supernova (SN) but is difficult to be observed owing to the short duration and X-ray/ultraviolet (UV)-peaked spectra. After the first observation from the rising phase reported in 2008, its observability at high redshift is attracting enormous attention. We perform multigroup radiation hydrodynamics calculations of explosions for evolutionary presupernova models with various main-sequence masses $M_{\rm MS}$, metallicities $Z$, and explosion energies $E$. We present multicolor light curves of shock breakout in Type II plateau SNe, being the most frequent core-collapse SNe, and predict apparent multicolor light curves of shock breakout at various redshifts $z$. We derive the observable SN rate and reachable redshift as functions of filter $x$ and limiting magnitude $m_{x,{\rm lim}}$ by taking into account an initial mass function, cosmic star formation history, intergalactic absorption, and host galaxy extinction. We propose a realistic survey strategy optimized for shock breakout. For example, the $g'$-band observable SN rate for $m_{g',{\rm lim}}=27.5$ mag is 3.3 SNe degree$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ and a half of them locates at $z\geq1.2$. It is clear that the shock breakout is a beneficial clue to probe high-$z$ core-collapse SNe. We also establish ways to identify shock breakout and constrain SN properties from the observations of shock breakout, brightness, time scale, and color. We emphasize that the multicolor observations in blue optical bands with $\sim$ hour intervals, preferably over $\geq2$ continuous nights, are essential to efficiently detect, identify, and interpret shock breakout.Comment: 26 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Serie

Sub-surface modifications in silicon with ultra-short pulsed lasers above 2 µm

Nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon such as self-focusing and multi-photon absorption are strongly dependent on the wavelength, energy, and duration of the exciting pulse, especially for wavelengths >2µm. We investigate the sub-surface modification of silicon using ultra-short pulsed lasers at wavelengths in the range of 1950–2400 nm, at a pulse duration between 2 and 10 ps and pulse energy varying from 1 µJ to 1 mJ. We perform numerical simulations and experiments using fiber-based lasers built in-house that operate in this wavelength range for the surface and sub-surface processing of Si-wafers. The results are compared to the literature data at 1550 nm. Due to a dip in the nonlinear absorption spectrum and a peak in the spectrum of the third-order nonlinearity, the wavelengths between 2000 and 2200 nm prove to be more favorable for creating sub-surface modifications in silicon. This is the case even though those wavelengths do not allow as tight focusing as those at 1550 nm. This is compensated for by an increased self-focusing due to the nonlinear Kerr-effect around 2100 nm at high light intensities, characteristic for ultra-short pulses

DYNAMICS OF HEALTH DISORDERS IN EMPLOYEES OF MODERN CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

We revealed, the peculiarities of health, disorders in the employees of modern, chemical enterprises in the dynamics of medical examinations and quantitative risk assessment of the basic pathological syndromes. It was determined, that significant growth, of cases of medium, and. high, risk of functional disorders of cardiovascular system, boundary psychical disorders, gastrointestinal tract and. liver was observed in dynamics. We registered the increase of levels of morbidity of circulatory system, nervous system, and. psychiatric disorders. Reliable increase of risk levels associated, with, exposure toxic load, in workers of the basic professions in caustic soda and. polyvinyl chloride productions was detected

Syndrome of Bloch-Sulzberger.

The article presents literature data on the etiology and pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis of rare dermatosis - Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome. There is described the clinical case of this disease in a patient is 1.5 months, the data of the anamnesis, the clinical picture, the results of laboratory studies and the treatment that was carried out.В статье представлены данные литературы об этиологии и патогенезе, клинико-лабораторной диагностике редкого дерматоза – синдрома Блоха-Сульцбергера. Рассмотрен клинический случай данного заболевания у пациентки 1 месяца жизни, описаны данные анамнеза, клиническая картина, результаты лабораторных исследований и проведенное лечение

Effectiveness of enzyme external therapy in the treatment of post-acne scars

The purpose of the study is - evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of an enzyme gel with collagenase in the correction of post-acne scars.Цель исследования - оценка эффективности применения ферментного геля с коллагензой в коррекции рубцов постакне

Circular Economy and Environmental Safety in a New Social Reality

The problem of ensuring environmental safety in our country in the conditions of increasing macroeconomic instability and risks in the sphere of national and world economy puts on the agenda the need to move to a new model of social and economic development - "circular economy"or "closed-loop economy". This model makes it possible to minimize the external negative effects on the part of economic entities and their impact on the environment and, conversely, the consequences of man-made externalities in the environment on the human. In this regard, the analysis and assessment of such a relationship between the economy and the environment, as well as the identification and assessment of these externalities, make it possible to formulate a number of recommendations to strengthen environmental safety and transition to a qualitatively new type of sustainable development. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Gustometry in various variants of bronchial asthma: Sensitivity thresholds for bitter and sweet tast

The first studies were published on the possible pathogenetic role of so-called ectopically localized taste receptors in bronchial asthma. The receptors for bitter and sweet taste, may, apparently, have opposite functions, but in available literature there is no data on the balance of sensitivity for bitter and sweet tastes in the same patients with bronchial asthma. The aim of the present work is to simultaneously assess the sensitivity of canonical lingual receptors to bitter and sweet taste in the same patients with different clinical variants of bronchial asthma by methods applicable in wide clinical practice. 16 healthy persons and 35 patients with bronchial asthma were examined at the M.V. Chernorutsky Clinics of Hospital Therapy at First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University. The sensitivity for bitter taste was assessed using The Frey Scientific 569885 PTC Taste Paper test strip kit containing phenylthiourea solution. Sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9 % for determination of individual value of taste thresholds to sweet taste were used. The bitter-to-sweet taste sensitivity balance was assessed on the basis of an original “bitter/sweet taste sensitivity” index. The highest values of index of bitter/sweet taste was found in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma: its values are significantly different from those in healthy persons only at low sucrose concentrations (0.3-0.4%). The factor analysis revealed an association between taste imbalance (a shift towards high sensitivity to sweet taste) and key characteristics of bronchial asthma, including severity of bronchial asthma course, duration of inhaled glucocorticosteroid use and inefficiency of β2-agonists use at pre-clinical stage. It has been revealed by gustometry that in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma there is a decreased sensitivity for bitter test substance (phenylthiourea), along with higher sensitivity for sweet taste (sucrose)