Miliary tuberculosis in a high prevalence area of the U.K.: Blackburn 1978–1993

AbstractThirty-nine cases of miliary tuberculosis treated between 1978–1993 in a district with a high incidence of tuberculosis are reported. Twenty-eight patients were of Indian Subcontinent (ISC) ethnic origin, 10 patients were Caucasian and one patient was Chinese. Mortality at 10% in both Caucasian (x2 4·94; 0·05>P>0·01) and ISC patients (x2 10·22; 0·001>P) were significantly lower than in a recently reported series from Edinburgh, as was the proportion of post mortem diagnoses of miliary tuberculosis (x2 6·35; 0·02>P>0·01). Both the rate of miliary tuberculosis and the average age at diagnosis in Caucasian patients were lower than in the Edinburgh series suggesting that miliary tuberculosis could be under-diagnosed in the elderly Caucasian population in the Blackburn district. The better outcome of those diagnosed in life may be partly due to heightened awareness of tuberculosis locally and partly due to treatment by a centralized tuberculosis service

Founts of knowledge or delusions of grandeur? Limits and illusions of tourism research impact: A reply to Wood

The starting point of our paper (Thomas & Ormerod, 2017) was to assess the extent to which academic research influenced policy and practice. Others have undertaken this task and come to a broadly similar conclusion; collectively, tourism researchers appear to have little impact on anyone other than fellow academics (and perhaps their students). Whether this is ‘good’ or ‘bad’, important or unimportant, depends on your perspective. In addition to illustrating the novel use of digital methods, the main contribution of our research lay in its attempt to explain why some academic researchers appear to have more non-academic impact than others. Our theorising of impact was, therefore, designed to identify variables that influenced impact and to show their inter-relationships. Readers will reach their own conclusions about the extent to which we were successful in our ambition, but few will deny that we had a very comprehensive data set to work with, albeit limited to the UK

Enabling spontaneous analogy through heuristic change

Despite analogy playing a central role in theories of problem solving, learning and education, demonstrations of spontaneous analogical transfer are rare. Here, we present a theory of heuristic change for spontaneous analogical transfer, tested in four experiments that manipulated the experience of failure to solve a source problem prior to attempting a target problem. In Experiment 1, participants solved more source problems that contained an additional financial constraint designed to signal the inappropriateness of moves that maximized progress towards the goal. This constraint also led to higher rates of spontaneous analogical transfer to a superficially similar problem. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the effects of this constraint extend to superficially and structurally different analogs. Experiment 4 generalized the finding to a non-analogous target problem that also benefitted from inhibiting maximizing moves. The results indicate that spontaneous transfer can arise through experience during the solution of a source problem that alters the heuristic chosen for solving both analogical and non-analogical target problems

Topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for treatment of cutaneous Crohn's Disease

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Understanding participation and non-participation in sport amongst Black and minority ethnic groups in Wales

Like the other home nation sports councils, Sport Wales has a responsibility to increase participation, improve sporting performance and raise standards in sport and physical recreation. For some time the sports councils in the UK have been concerned that people from Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups may not be getting as much from sport as they might (e.g. the Sports Equity Index (Sport England, 2001)). The concern with increasing participation is multidimensional: it might serve to recruit new talent; allows sectors of society to enjoy what are thought to be the benefits of sport; and in so doing help to unite the nation. However, as recognised by the Equality Impact Assessment that was conducted by Sport Wales, there has been a shortage of research around sport participation by Black and minority ethnic communities. Thus, the current research is closely aligned with the aim of increasing participation and understanding non-participation. The research also addresses the identified need for further investigation into identified differences in participation between different equalities groups. This project, commissioned by Sport Wales, has been undertaken by the Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure (ISPAL) in conjunction with Ecorys. It is a response to the strategy, action plans and operational plans of Sport Wales that embrace diversity and inclusiveness. These policy and operational documents consider ethnicity alongside other protected characteristics and a concern to address poverty and deprivation by operating in conjunction with other agencies. The research reported here will help to establish what resonance people in Black and minority ethnic groups have with the goal of ensuring ‘a thriving sporting community, where all individuals feel safe, welcome and free from discrimination’ (Sport Wales, Equality And Diversity Operational Action Plan)

The (almost) imperceptible impact of tourism research on policy and practice

The need to demonstrate the value of research to non-academic audiences is an increasingly prominent feature of the research policy landscape in many parts of the world. Yet, little is understood about the factors that differentiate academic researchers in terms of their relative influence on non-academic actors. Following a review of the literature, this study uses novel digital methods to undertake a detailed study of the non-academic impact of UK based tourism academics. The findings suggest that non-academic impact is strikingly lower in tourism than in the social sciences more generally. The multiple regression analyses used reveal that researchers who score highly using a range of academic metrics are also cited more by policy-makers and other practitioners. On the basis of the findings, research impact in tourism is theorized. This has implications for individual and institutional tourism research strategies beyond the geographical limitations of the study

Differential effects of phototherapy, adalimumab and betamethasone/calcipotriol on effector and regulatory T cells in psoriasis

I.S.K. thanks the Egyptian Government for financial support through the Egyptian Cultural Bureau Office. This work was partially supported by a National Health Service endowment grant RG12745 to A.D.O. and I.S.K. We thank Linda Lawson,the biologics nurse, all the staff members at the dermatology department and the participants.Peer reviewedPostprin