Therapeutic Efficacy of Vishnu Chakara Mathirai - A Siddha Formulation in the management of Valippu Noi (Convulsive Disorders): A Pre-Clinical study

The Vishnu Chakara Mathirai possess the specified charcters as mentioned by the Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH. • The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids and phenols which may helpful for the therapeutic efficacy. • The ICP OES analysis revealed that the toxic elements like mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and sulphur were found to be WHO permissible limits. • The spectral studies revealed the fingerprint of VCM which can be used for its bulk production. • The SEM and EXAX analysis showed the basic elements present in VCM as well as the external morphology of Vishnu Chakara Mathirai. • The TLC and HPTLC finger printing is much helpful in identifying the active principle in VCM. • The drug VCM was found to the safe as the LD50 level was fall above 2000mg/kg.b.wt. • The NOEAL level was found to be > 200 mg/kg b.wt. • The subacute and subchronic toxicity study revealed no toxic effects in the animals. • Efficacy studies revealed good antiepileptic activity as it controls the maximum electro shock in rats, Picrotoxin induced seizures in mice, Picrotoxin induced kindling as well as seizures and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) test in mice. CONCLUSION: The present study was undertaken to establish the literature that Vishu Chakara Mathirai (VCM), a herbo mineral formulation of Siddha system of medicine, would be effectively used against epilepsy (Valippu Noi), through various animal models. The safety as well as efficacy of VCM was studied extensively using standard and recommended scientific techniques. The trial drug VCM was found to be both safe and effective in epilepsy among animal models. The findings are strongly supportive of the traditional claim and use of VCM as an anti-epleptic medicine. From this study findings, it is also recommended that the medicine VCM can be taken for further research in the form of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies as well clinical trials among human subjects to further establish the finding of this study. RECOMMENDATIONS: As VCM shows very good anti epileptic activity in animal models, therefore it is recommended for a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. The drug is also be recommended for a clinical trial in epileptic patients

On the evaluation of matrix elements in partially projected wave functions

We generalize the Gutzwiller approximation scheme to the calculation of nontrivial matrix elements between the ground state and excited states. In our scheme, the normalization of the Gutzwiller wave function relative to a partially projected wave function with a single non projected site (the reservoir site) plays a key role. For the Gutzwiller projected Fermi sea, we evaluate the relative normalization both analytically and by variational Monte-Carlo (VMC). We also report VMC results for projected superconducting states that show novel oscillations in the hole density near the reservoir site

Bosonic resonating valence bond wave function for doped Mott insulators

We propose a new class of ground states for doped Mott insulators in the electron second-quantization representation. They are obtained from a bosonic resonating valence bond (RVB) theory of the t-J model. At half filling, the ground state describes spin correlations of the S=1/2 Heisenberg model very accurately. Its spin degrees of freedom are characterized by RVB pairing of spins, the size of which decreases continuously as holes are doped into the system. Charge degrees of freedom emerge upon doping and are described by twisted holes in the RVB background. We show that the twisted holes exhibit an off diagonal long range order (ODLRO) in the pseudogap ground state, which has a finite pairing amplitude, but is short of phase coherence. Unpaired spins in such a pseudogap ground state behave as free vortices, preventing superconducting phase coherence. The existence of nodal quasiparticles is also ensured by such a hidden ODLRO in the ground state, which is non-Fermi-liquid-like in the absence of superconducting phase coherence. Two distinct types of spin excitations can also be constructed. The superconducting instability of the pseudogap ground state is discussed and a d-wave superconducting ground state is obtained. This class of pseudogap and superconducting ground states unifies antiferromagnetism, pseudogap, superconductivity, and Mott physics into a new state of matter.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Spontaneous breaking of the Fermi surface symmetry in the t-J model: a numerical study

We present a variational Monte Carlo (VMC) study of spontaneous Fermi surface symmetry breaking in the t-J model. We find that the variational energy of a Gutzwiller projected Fermi sea is lowered by allowing for a finite asymmetry between the x- and the y-directions. However, the best variational state remains a pure superconducting state with d-wave symmetry, as long as the underlying lattice is isotropic. Our VMC results are in good overall agreement with slave boson mean field theory (SBMFT) and renormalized mean field theory (RMFT), although apparent discrepancies do show up in the half-filled limit, revealing some limitations of mean field theories. VMC and complementary RMFT calculations also confirm the SBMFT predictions that many-body interactions can enhance any anisotropy in the underlying crystal lattice. Thus, our results may be of consequence for the description of strongly correlated superconductors with an anisotropic lattice structure.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures; final versio

Mathematical Modeling for Radial Overcut on Electrical Discharge Machining of Incoloy 800 by Response Surface Methodology

AbstractIn the present study, Response surface methodology is applied for prediction of radial overcut in die sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM) process for Incoloy 800 superalloy with copper electrode. The current, pulse-ontime, pulse-off time and voltage are considered as input process parameters to study the ROC. The experiments were planned as per central composite design (CCD) method. After conducting 30 experiments, a mathematical model was developed to correlate the influences of these machining parameters and ROC. The significant coefficients were obtained by performing ANOVA at 5% level of significance. From the obtained results,It was found that current and voltage have significant effect on the radial overcut. The predicted results based on developed models are found to be in good agreement with the The predicted values match the experimental results reasonably well with the coefficient of determination 0.9699 for ROC

Quasiparticles as composite objects in the RVB superconductor

We study the nature of the superconducting state, the origin of d-wave pairing, and elementary excitations of a resonating valence bond (RVB) superconductor. We show that the phase string formulation of the t-J model leads to confinement of bare spinon and holon excitations in the superconducting state, though the vacuum is described by the RVB state. Nodal quasiparticles are obtained as composite excitations of spinon and holon excitations. The d-wave pairing symmetry is shown to arise from short range antiferromagnetic correlations