Erratum

The Muscats: A molecular analysis of synonyms, homonyms and genetic relationships within a large family of grapevine cultivarsVitis 40(1), 23-30 (2001

The Muscats: A molecular analysis of synonyms, homonyms and genetic relationships within a large family of grapevine cultivars

The Muscats are a large, wide-spread family of grapevines, having in common besides the name the typical Muscat flavour. A huge number of synonyms and homonyms makes it difficult to identify them. Sixty-four accessions were analysed in the present work; they are representatives of the huge variability of this family as far as morphological aspects, berry colour and size, time of ripening and aptitude for wine and/or table grape production are considered. An analysis was performed at two isozymes and 25 microsatellite loci. The 64 accessions were reduced to 20, which were easily distinguishable from each other at the molecular level by as few as two microsatellite loci, The remaining 44 were found to be synonyms. Three mutants with red and pink coloured berries were identified in the Moscato bianco group. Moscato nero encompasses at least two, Moscato rosa three different varieties. It seems that only two of the analysed Muscats are the main progenitors of the Muscat family: Moscato bianco and Muscat of Alexandria, which in turn are joined by a direct parent-offspring link. We were unable to discriminate biotypes belonging to the same cultivar by microsatellite markers.

Molecular characterization of twenty seeded and seedless table grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

DNA and isoenzyme analyses were used to characterize 20 table grape cultivars including Moscato d'Amburgo, Italia, Sultanina, Bicane and some recently released new varieties. GPI and PGM isoenzyme systems were able to separate the cultivars into 9 groups whereas the 8 microsatellite loci that were analysed revealed a higher discriminating power. In fact, all the cultivars could be distinguished by DNA profiles except Sugraone from its sport Sugrafive. Parentage analysis confirmed that the cultivar Italia was obtained from the crossing Bicane x Moscato d'Amburgo. A difference was observed at one microsatellite locus between Sultanina and the published data for Thompson Seedless, considered to be its synonym. The different microsatellite loci were evaluated for their informativeness

Joint Stiffness Influence on the First-Order Seismic Capacity of Dry-Joint Masonry Structures: Numerical DEM Investigations

Heritage masonry structures are often modelled as dry-jointed structures. On the one hand, it may correspond to the reality where the initial mortar was weak, missing, or has disappeared through time because of erosion and lixiviation. On the other hand, this modelling approach reduces complexity to the studied problem, both from an experimental and theoretical/numerical point of views, while being conservative. Still, for modelling purposes, in addition to the joint friction, numerical approaches require a specific elastic parameter, the dry-joint stiffness, which is often hard to estimate experimentally. This work numerically investigates the effect of the joint stiffness on the collapse of scaled-down tilting test experiments carried out on perforated dry-joint masonry shear walls. It is found that geometrical imperfections of bricks and the absence of vertical precompression load can lead to very low equivalent dry-joint stiffness, which strongly affects the results, both in terms of collapse and damage limit state (DLS) loads, with practical implications for the engineering practice

Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Halogen-Bonded Block Copolymer Complexes into Upright Cylindrical Domains

Self-assembly of block copolymers into well-defined, ordered arrangements of chemically distinct domains is a reliable strategy for preparing tailored nanostructures. Microphase separation results from the system, minimizing repulsive interactions between dissimilar blocks and maximizing attractive interactions between similar blocks. Supramolecular methods have also achieved this separation by introducing small-molecule additives binding specifically to one block by noncovalent interactions. Here, we use halogen bonding as a supramolecular tool that directs the hierarchical self-assembly of low-molecular-weight perfluorinated molecules and diblock copolymers. Microphase separation results in a lamellar-within-cylindrical arrangement and promotes upright cylindrical alignment in films upon rapid casting and without further annealing. Such cylindrical domains with internal lamellar self-assemblies can be cleaved by solvent treatment of bulk films, resulting in separated and segmented cylindrical micelles stabilized by halogen-bond-based supramolecular crosslinks. These features, alongside the reversible nature of halogen bonding, provide a robust modular approach for nanofabricatio

The R18 polyarginine peptide is more effective than the TAT-NR2B9c (NA-1) peptide when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

We examined the dose responsiveness of polyarginine R18 (100, 300, and 1000 nmol/kg) when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).The TAT-NR2B9c peptide, which is known to be neuroprotective in rodent and nonhuman primate stroke models, served as a positive control. At 24 hours afterMCAO, there was reduced total infarct volume in R18 treated animals at all doses, but this reduction only reached statistical significance at doses of 100 and 1000 nmol/kg. The TAT-NR2B9c peptide reduced infarct volume at doses of 300 and 1000 nmol/kg, but not to a statistically significant extent, while the 100 nmol/kg dose was ineffective.The reduction in infarct volume with R18 and TAT-NR2B9c peptide treatments was mirrored by improvements in one or more functional outcomes (namely, neurological score, adhesive tape removal, and rota-rod), but not to a statistically significant extent. These findings further confirm the neuroprotective properties of polyarginine peptides and for R18 extend its therapeutic time window and dose range, as well as demonstrating its greater efficacy compared to TAT-NR2B9c in a severe stroke model.The superior neuroprotective efficacy of R18 over TAT-NR2B9c highlights the potential of this polyarginine peptide as a lead candidate for studies in human stroke

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LACTATE TURNPOINT AND THE TIME AT VO2 max DURING A CONSTANT VELOCITY RUN TO EXHAUSTION

The aim of present work was to examine the relationship between the running velocity at the lactate turn-point (vLTP) and the time at which VO can be sustained (TVO ) during a continuous run to exhaustion at a minimal running velocity that yields VO (vVO ). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between vLTP and TVO and between other selected physiological variables. Correlations between the relative vLTP and v VO was significant (r=0.63) at the

Discontinuous vs continuous approaches for the nonlinear dynamics of an historic masonry tower

The present paper investigates, from an advanced numerical point of view, the progressive damage of the Amatrice (Rieti, Italy) civic clock tower, after a long sequence of strong earthquakes that struck Central Italy in 2016. Two advanced numerical models are here used to provide an insight into the modalities of progressive damage and the behaviour of the structure under strong dynamic excitations, namely a Discrete Element Method (DEM), the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics (NSCD) method, and a FE Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model. In both cases, a full 3D detailed discretization is adopted. From the numerical results, the role played by both the actual geometries and the insufficient resistance of the constituent materials are envisaged, showing a good match with actual crack patterns observed after the seismic sequence

Hyperpolarizability and operational magic wavelength in an optical lattice clock

Optical clocks benefit from tight atomic confinement enabling extended interrogation times as well as Doppler- and recoil-free operation. However, these benefits come at the cost of frequency shifts that, if not properly controlled, may degrade clock accuracy. Numerous theoretical studies have predicted optical lattice clock frequency shifts that scale nonlinearly with trap depth. To experimentally observe and constrain these shifts in an $^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock, we construct a lattice enhancement cavity that exaggerates the light shifts. We observe an atomic temperature that is proportional to the optical trap depth, fundamentally altering the scaling of trap-induced light shifts and simplifying their parametrization. We identify an "operational" magic wavelength where frequency shifts are insensitive to changes in trap depth. These measurements and scaling analysis constitute an essential systematic characterization for clock operation at the $10^{-18}$ level and beyond.Comment: 5 + 2 pages, 3 figures, added supplementa