Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aromatic aldehydes by N-chlorosuccinimide in aqueous acetic acid

2044-2047Kinetics of oxidation of aromatic aldehydes by N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in the presence of HClO4 and NaCl in aqueous acetic acid medium is reported here. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to [NCS], [H+] and [Clˉ] . The order with respect to [aldehyde] is always zero. The rate is found to increase with decrease in the dielectric constant of the medium. Increase of ionic strength of the medium decreases the rate of oxidation. Addition of succinimide (>NH), has negligible effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is the corresponding acid. Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism is also proposed

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide[NBS] 80% aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to both[NBS] and [benzoin]. The effect of varying ionic strength and dielectric constant indicate the reaction is dipole-dipole type. Addition of succinimide(&gt;NH), has a retarding effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is benzil. By studying the effect of temparature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate low explaining the experiment results is derived. </jats:p

Impact of E-Government Implementation on Poverty Reduction in Rural India

ICTs in general and e-governance in particular offer tremendous opportunities for improving demanddriven transparent and accountable service delivery targeting the underprivileged. The objective of this chapter is to examine the effects of E-government implementation in the context of widespread poverty in India through an extensive secondary data analysis on selected pro-poor initiatives in reducing poverty and improving rural livelihoods. Analysis also includes various contexts in which these ICT based interventions operate. Specific recommendations are made to involve the socially excluded groups in the design, implementation and access to e-government services. Governments to design appropriate public policies in implementing socially inclusive e-government strategies in the emerging information society draw the conclusion.</jats:p

Kinetics of Oxidation of Cychlohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Kinetics of oxidation o Cyclohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide(NCN) in 50% V/V aqueous acetic acid mixture has been investigated in the presence of HCIO4 and NaCl. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to oxidation (NCN) and fractional-order with respect to cyclohexanol. A decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate. Addition of nicotinamide (NA), the reduction product of NCN, has a retarding effect an the rate of oxidation. Arrhenius and activation parameters are calculated. Kinetics of bromination1 and oxidation2,3 of saturated organic compounds by N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) have been received considerable attention. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of amino acids by NCN has been reported in aqueous acetic acid medium, we report herein the result of similar studies on the oxidation of cyclohexanol with NCN in aqueous acetic acid medium. </jats:p

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide[NBS] 80% aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to both[NBS] and [benzoin]. The effect of varying ionic strength and dielectric constant indicate the reaction is dipole-dipole type. Addition of succinimide(&gt;NH), has a retarding effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is benzil. By studying the effect of temparature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate low explaining the experiment results is derived

Kinetics of Oxidation of Cychlohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Kinetics of oxidation o Cyclohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide(NCN) in 50% V/V aqueous acetic acid mixture has been investigated in the presence of HCIO4 and NaCl. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to oxidation (NCN) and fractional-order with respect to cyclohexanol. A decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate. Addition of nicotinamide (NA), the reduction product of NCN, has a retarding effect an the rate of oxidation. Arrhenius and activation parameters are calculated. Kinetics of bromination1 and oxidation2,3 of saturated organic compounds by N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) have been received considerable attention. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of amino acids by NCN has been reported in aqueous acetic acid medium, we report herein the result of similar studies on the oxidation of cyclohexanol with NCN in aqueous acetic acid medium