Sister chromatid exchange in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a possible breast cancer risk biomarker: A study of Iranian patients with breast cancer

Introduction: Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) can be induced by variousgenotoxic treatments, suggesting that SCEs refl ect a DNA repair process and it may be a good index for assessment of genomic instability. However, the occurrence of genetic instability and in particular, of spontaneous SCEs has been strongly linked to cancer. Several chromosomal regions and many genes have been implicated in breast cancer.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 31 Iranian breast cancer patients and 11 healthy women. SCE was measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes by adding to Ham’sF10 medium in presence of PHA, BrdU (5-bromo-deoxy Uridine) fl uorochrome Hoechst 33258, exposure to UV light and Giemsa staining. Then, SCE frequencies of patient and control groups were compared by the Mann-Withney U-test.Results: Signifi cantly difference was observed between two groups (

Multidimensional simple waves in fully relativistic fluids

A special version of multi--dimensional simple waves given in [G. Boillat, {\it J. Math. Phys.} {\bf 11}, 1482-3 (1970)] and [G.M. Webb, R. Ratkiewicz, M. Brio and G.P. Zank, {\it J. Plasma Phys.} {\bf 59}, 417-460 (1998)] is employed for fully relativistic fluid and plasma flows. Three essential modes: vortex, entropy and sound modes are derived where each of them is different from its nonrelativistic analogue. Vortex and entropy modes are formally solved in both the laboratory frame and the wave frame (co-moving with the wave front) while the sound mode is formally solved only in the wave frame at ultra-relativistic temperatures. In addition, the surface which is the boundary between the permitted and forbidden regions of the solution is introduced and determined. Finally a symmetry analysis is performed for the vortex mode equation up to both point and contact transformations. Fundamental invariants and a form of general solutions of point transformations along with some specific examples are also derived.Comment: 21 page

Projective analysis and preliminary group classification of the nonlinear fin equation ut=(E(u)ux)x+h(x)uu_t=(E(u)u_x)_x + h(x)u

In this paper we investigate for further symmetry properties of the nonlinear fin equations of the general form $u_t=(E(u)u_x)_x + h(x)u$ rather than recent works on these equations. At first, we study the projective (fiber-preserving) symmetry to show that equations of the above class can not be reduced to linear equations. Then we determine an equivalence classification which admits an extension by one dimension of the principal Lie algebra of the equation. The invariant solutions of equivalence transformations and classification of nonlinear fin equations among with additional operators are also given.Comment: 9 page

The Effect of Zeolite on Aggregate Stability Indices

Introduction: Soil structural stability affects the profitability and sustainability of agricultural systems. Particle size distribution (PSD) and aggregate stability are the important characteristics of soil. Aggregate stability has a significant impact on the development of the root system, water and carbon cycle and soil resistance against soil erosion. Soil aggregate stability, defined as the ability of the aggregates to remain intact when subject to a given stress, is an important soil property that affects the movement and storage of water, aeration, erosion, biological activity and growth of crops. Dry soil aggregate stability (Mean Weight Diameter (MWD), Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD)) and Wet Aggregate Stability (WAS) are important indices for evaluating soil aggregate stability.To improve soil physical properties, including modifying aggregate, using various additives (organic, inorganic and chemicals), zeolites are among what has been studied.According to traditional definition, zeolites are hydratealuminosilicates of alkaline and alkaline-earth minerals. Their structure is made up of a framework of[SiO4]−4 and [AlO4]−5 tetrahedron linked to each other's cornersby sharing oxygen atoms. The substitution of Si+4 by Al+3 intetrahedral sites results inmore negative charges and a high cation exchange capacity.Zeolites, as natural cation exchangers, are suitable substitutes to remove toxic cations. Among the natural zeolites,Clinoptilolite seems to be the most efficient ion exchanger and ion-selective material forremoving and stabilizing heavy metals.Due to theexisting insufficient technical information on the effects of using different levels of zeolite on physical properties of different types of soils in Iran, the aim of this research was to assess the effects of two different types of zeolite (Clinoptilolite natural zeolite, Z4, and Synthetic zeolite, A4) on aggregate stability indicesof soil. Materials and Methods: In this study at first, after preparation of two different types of soil with light and medium texture and doing identification tests such as determination of gradation and hydrometer tests and Atterberg limits, zeolite in four levels, 0 (control), 1%, 5%, and 10%w/w, was mixed with two soil textures (sandy loam and silty loam) in three replications. Then, each treatment was saturated for 48 hours in each month, during 6 months. Dry soil aggregate stability (Mean Weight Diameter (MWD), Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD), and Wet Aggregate Stability (WAS)), were determined. The experiment was carried out using factorial method in a randomized complete design. Results and Discussion:The results showed that, in sandy loam texture, there was no significant difference between two types of zeolites, their level of using and their interaction on MWD (