Modification of verbal behavior of the mentally impaired elderly by their spouses.

Speaking disorders frequently result in serious consequences for mentally impaired elderly people. Two examples are presented illustrating the modification of both excess and deficit rates of talking via differential reinforcement procedures. Two men exhibiting verbal disorders severe enough to impair social interactions and lead to possible nursing home placement were treated by teaching their spouses to reinforce positive and ignore undesired verbal responses. Problem behaviors were reduced sufficiently to permit continued home care, and alternative positive behaviors were increased. These findings suggest that verbal behavior of the mentally impaired elderly can be affected by applying systematic consequences and can be modified by relatively simple procedures. These procedures provide an alternative to the negative effects of labels associated with either aversive or deficient verbal behaviors, promote more positive activities, and enable continued residence at home. Further, this research provides support for the generality of the utility of training spouses to serve as behavior therapists for the impaired elderly

AIDS at 30: Implications for Social Work Education

This article reviews themes and changes in the teaching of HIV/AIDS content in social work programs over the last 30 years. Social work education in the first decade of the epidemic was largely focused on helping clients in the death and dying process, while medical and pharmaceutical advancements in the mid 1990s drastically altered the roles of social work. As social work education prepares students to face the fourth decade of the AIDS epidemic, three areas of cross-curricular intersection are highlighted: HIV/AIDS as an issue of social, racial, and economic justice; the global AIDS epidemic in the context of international social work; and the social work response to HIV/AIDS in older adults

Cascading Losses

In this case study, we analyzed an online illness narrative written by a middle-aged man living with HIV/AIDS who received a diagnosis of squamous cell cancer of the tongue. We found that the onset of a second illness initiated a series of cascading losses that became increasingly problematic, severe, and interconnected. In response to these losses, the author developed several coping strategies, including sharing his story with others and engaging in magical thinking. The findings of this case study broaden our understanding of what it means to live with a complex and unusual combination of illnesses. We conclude with implications for practitioners and scholars engaged in the sociology of loss