The Virtues shown by Rama in the Nalaiyira Divya Prabandham

Virtue, wealth, happiness, and home/body are considered important for the lives of the people of the world. The first of them is a virtue. Morality is essential for individual life. All Tamil literature is based on the emphasis on morality. In Ramaavatharam, the incarnation of Tirumal, in his way of life, it is mentioned in the article on the virtue of Rama in his life, about his love and brotherhood without getting angry, to make sacrifices with love and brotherhood, to be friendly with good people, and to the manner in which he attains the Lord in the way of grace, and the manner in which he attains to the Lord in the way of grace, and the manner in which Rama has performed a hymn in his life, and how the Azhwars composed the hymns of the Lord as their refuge. The morality of the eleven scriptures found in the Pathinen Kilkanakku books is explained as evidence. The concepts of virtue and the semantic explanation of virtue are given. The virtues found in the shrines where the Azhwars sang imagining Thirumala as Rama is explained

Folk Literature in Nalayira Divya Prabandham

Folk literature is the mirror of society. Folk literature reflects the experiences and feelings of the rural people. The customs, rituals, ceremonies and traditions of the country people are expressed in folk literature. The nature of folk literature is seen in many ways. One of them is Nalayira Divya Prabandham, the Vaishnava literatry work. The Alwars composed hymns describing the virtues of Tirumal's marriage and incarnations and showed it up in folk literature. Alwars also sung many lullabies. They have sung a folk song called "Pallandu Vaalththu”. The nature of a woman who is in love with God can be known through the proverbs. Alwars have shown that they celebrated festivals two thousand years ago itself. The repetition of a word in folk literature is one of its characteristics. The opinions of scholars related to folklore are explained in this article. This article reflects the nature of folk literature in Nalayira Divya Prabandham

The Ethical Concepts Found in the Ashtaprabandham

Charity, wealth, happiness, and home are the principles of the life of the Tamils. Of these, Charity is the foremost. The word 'Charity' means 'to do good and eliminate the unwanted'. Charity is the basis of the life of Tamils. Domesticity, asceticism, love, and war are all inexhaustible in all activities. In that way, there are many virtues that humanity has to follow. Among them are the inner-oriented virtues of morality, and external virtues such as love, modesty, morality, neutrality, endurance, truthfulness, education, friendship, charity, shelter, etc. From Sangam literature to modern literature, all kinds of literature contain concepts of morality. In this way, this study reveals that the Ashtaprabandham of Pillai Perumal Iyengar is full of ethical ideas

Establishing and reporting content validity evidence of Training and Development Capacity Building Scale (TDCBS)

Training and development is a matter of paramount interest to contemporary organisations. The attention given to the subject has given way to a stream of analysis, diagnosis and prescription on the part of organizational scholars, practitioners and popular management writers. But, the closer analysis of the extant training and development literature revealed that focus of the research has been limited to the indivudual phases of the training cycle. A comprehensive instrument, focusing on assessment of all the phases of training cycle has been missing. This gap in the literature provided the impetus to develop the Training and Development Capacity Building Scale (TDCBS). When an instrument is constructed, psychometric testing is needed and the first step is to study content validity. Hence, it was decided to establish and report the content validity evidence for the newly developed scale

Establishing and reporting content validity evidence of Training and Development Capacity Building Scale (TDCBS)

Training and development is a matter of paramount interest to contemporary organisations. The attention given to the subject has given way to a stream of analysis, diagnosis and prescription on the part of organizational scholars, practitioners and popular management writers. But, the closer analysis of the extant training and development literature revealed that focus of the research has been limited to the indivudual phases of the training cycle. A comprehensive instrument, focusing on assessment of all the phases of training cycle has been missing. This gap in the literature provided the impetus to develop the Training and Development Capacity Building Scale (TDCBS). When an instrument is constructed, psychometric testing is needed and the first step is to study content validity. Hence, it was decided to establish and report the content validity evidence for the newly developed scale

Modelling of Flow in an Unsaturated Zone of A Tank Clustered Catchment

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Survey on dynamic resource allocation strategy in cloud computing enviornment

Abstract-Cloud computing becomes quite popular among cloud users by offering a variety of resources. This is an on demand service because it offers dynamic flexible resource allocation and guaranteed services in pay as-you-use manner to public. In this paper, we present the several dynamic resource allocation techniques and its performance. This paper provides detailed description of the dynamic resource allocation technique in cloud for cloud users and comparative study provides the clear detail about the different techniques

Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni–B and Ni–B–Si3N4 composite coatings

Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited (ED) and electroless (EL) composite coatings have been a debatable issue in the published literature. The present paper aims to compare the corrosion resistance of ED Ni–B–Si3N4 composite coating with its plain counter part. The ED Ni–B coatings were prepared using Watt’s nickel bath modified with the addition of dimethylamine borane and the ED Ni–B–Si3N4 composite coatings were prepared using the same bath in which Si3N4 particles (mean diameter: 0.80m) were dispersed in it. The structural and morphological characteristics of ED Ni–B and Ni–B–Si3N4 composite coatings were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion resistances of ED Ni–B and Ni–B–Si3N4 composite coatings, both in asplated and heat treated conditions, in 3.5% NaCl, were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The study reveals that the extent of shift in corrosion potential (Ecorr) towards the noble direction, decrease in corrosion current density (icorr), increase in charge transfer resistance (Rct) and decrease in double layer capacitance (Cdl) values with the incorporation of Si3N4 particles in the ED Ni–B matrix is not appreciable, both in as-plated and heat-treated conditions. The occurrence of the second phase angle maximum suggests penetration of the electrolyte via the pores/micro-pores in these coating to create another interface, namely, the electrolyte/substrate. Unlike the nanosized particles, the micron size Si3N4 particles (mean diameter: 0.80m) used in this study is not capable of completely filling all the pores in the coating and allowed diffusion of chloride ions along the interface. The marginal improvement in corrosion resistance observed for ED Ni–B–Si3N4 composite coatings compared to its plain counterpart could have resulted from the decrease in effective metallic area prone to corrosion

Electroless Ni–B coatings: preparation and evaluation of hardness and wear resistance

The present work aims to study the hardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni–B coatings. An alkaline bath having nickel chloride as the source of nickel and borohydride as the reducing agent was used to prepare the electroless Ni–B coatings. The structure, microhardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni–B coatings, both in as-plated and heat-treated conditions, were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Leitz microhardness tester and a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus. XRD patterns reveal that electroless Ni–B coatings are amorphous in as-plated condition and undergo phase transformation to crystalline nickel and nickel borides upon heat-treatment. The microhardness of the electroless Ni–B coatings increases with increase in heat-treatment temperature and exhibit two maxima in the hardness vs. heattreatment temperature curve. The specific wear rate increases with increase in applied load from 20 to 40 N and at all applied loads, the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction are less for heat-treated electroless Ni–B deposits compared to that obtained for as-plated ones. The wear process of electroless Ni–B coatings is governed by an adhesive wear mechanism

Electroless Ni–P/Ni–B duplex coatings: preparation and evaluation of microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance

The present work deals with the formation of Ni–P/Ni–B duplex coatings by electroless plating process and evaluation of their hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The Ni–P/Ni–B duplex coatings were prepared using dual baths (acidic hypophosphite- and alkaline borohydride-reduced electroless nickel baths) with both Ni–P and Ni–B as inner layers and with varying single layer thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the duplex interface. The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of electroless nickel duplex coatings were compared with electroless Ni–P and Ni–B coatings of similar thickness. The study reveals that the Ni–P and Ni–B coatings are amorphous in their as-plated condition and upon heat-treatment at 450 ◦C for 1 h, both Ni–P and Ni–B coatings crystallize and produce nickel, nickel phosphide and nickel borides in the respective coatings. All the three phases are formed when Ni–P/Ni–B and Ni–B/Ni–P duplex coatings are heat-treated at 450◦C for 1 h. The duplex coatings are uniform and the compatibility between the layers is good. The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the duplex coating is higher than Ni–P and Ni–B coatings of similar thickness. Among the two types of duplex coatings studied, hardness and wear resistance is higher for coatings having Ni–B coating as the outer layer whereas better corrosion resistance is offered by coatings having Ni–P coating as the outer layer