Роль преморбидного фона в танатогенезе острых отравлений психофармакологическими препаратами у геронтологических больных

Background Human aging is a universal and regular process characterized by uneven and steady progression, inevitably affecting to some extent all levels of biological organization. In the structure of acute exotoxicosis, patients of gerontological age range from 10.3 to 12.9%. After 60, with an increase of years, there is a growth of mortality rate from 9.8% in elderly patients to 25.5% in long-livers. A certain role in its genesis is played by the premorbid background, i.e. somatic diseases preceding and accompanying acute exotoxicosis.Aim of study To identify the role of concomitant diseases in the course and outcome of acute poisoning by psychoactive drugs in patients over 60. MATErIALS AnD METhODS We retrospectively analyzed hospital records of 99 patients aged 60 to 90 years who died from poisoning with psychoactive drugs at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in 2013–2016, as well as their autopsy, forensic and histological research data.Results In gerontological patients with acute poisoning with psychoactive drugs, the main premorbid background (100%) is atherosclerotic lesion of the heart and vessels of different degree and extent. In case of lethal outcomes, in toxicogenic stage of poisoning on primary electrocardiograms, myocardial ischemia was revealed in 76.9% of cases, heart rhythm disturbances were detected in all patients, most often in the form of supraventricular extrasystoles (38.4%) and atrial fibrillation (23.1%). In the deceased patients during the somatogenic stage of poisoning, cardiac conduction disorders (31.3%) prevailed. Concomitant chronic lesions of the bronchopulmonary system, including terminal bronchi, contributed to the development of hypostatic pneumonia and its long, migratory course. In 50% of cases, large and small droplet fatty liver disease was detected, which could have a negative effect on the course of poisoning, altering biotransformation of toxicants.Conclusion Atherosclerotic lesion of the heart and vessels, as well as chronic bronchopulmonary disease and fatty liver disease are the main premorbid background factors, which have a negative effect on the course and outcome of acute poisoning with psychoactive drugs.Актуальность Старение человека — это универсальный и закономерный процесс, характеризующийся неравномерностью и неуклонным прогрессированием, неизбежно затрагивающий в той или иной степени все уровни биологической организации. В структуре острых экзотоксикозов пациенты геронтологического возраста составляют от 10,3 до 12,9%. После 60 лет с увеличением возраста отмечается рост летальности от 9,8% у пожилых больных до 25,5% у долгожителей. Определенную роль в ее генезе играет преморбидный фон, т.е. соматические заболевания, предшествующие и сопутствующие острым экзотоксикозам.Цель исследования. Выявить роль сопутствующих заболеваний в течении и исходе острых отравлений психофармакологическими препаратами у больных старше 60 лет.Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ «Карты стационарного больного» 99 пациентов в возрасте от 60 до 90 лет, умерших от отравлений психофармакологическими препаратами в НИИ СП им. Н.В.Склифосовского в период с 2013 по 2016 год, актов вскрытия, судебно-химического и судебно-гистологического исследований.Результаты. У геронтологических больных с острыми отравлениями психофармакологическими препаратами основным преморбидным фоном (100%) является атеросклеротическое поражение сердца и сосудов различной степени и протяженности. При смертельных исходах в токсикогенной стадии отравления на первичных электрокардиограммах в 76,9% случаев определяется ишемия миокарда, у всех больных выявлены нарушения сердечного ритма, наиболее часто в виде наджелудочковых экстрасистол (38,4%) и мерцательной аритмии (23,1%). У умерших в соматогенной стадии отравления преимущество имеют нарушения сердечной проводимости (31,3%). Сопутствующие хронические поражения бронхолегочной системы, включая терминальные бронхи, способствуют развитию гипостатических пневмоний и их длительному, мигрирующему течению. В 50% наблюдений выявлена крупно- и мелкокапельная жировая дистрофия печени, которая может оказывать негативное влияние на течение отравления, изменяя биотрансформацию токсикантов.Заключение. Атеросклеротическое поражение сердца и сосудов, а также хроническое поражение бронхолегочной системы и жировая дистрофия печени являются основным преморбидным фоном, оказывающим негативное влияние на течение и исход острых отравлений психофармакологическими препаратами

Preparation and study of physicochemical properties of modified rosins and model compounds based on them

Results of research of the modeling structures received with use of modified rosin are given in the article. It is shown that depending on the applied modifiers of rosin and conditions it is possible to make modeling structures with a wide range of physical-mechanical and operational properties. The use of modified rosin in model compositions opens up wide prospects for the development and production of new model compositions at the chemical plants of Belarus

The Role of Premorbid Background in Tanatogenesis of Acute Poisonings with Psychoactive Drugs in Gerontological Patients

Background Human aging is a universal and regular process characterized by uneven and steady progression, inevitably affecting to some extent all levels of biological organization. In the structure of acute exotoxicosis, patients of gerontological age range from 10.3 to 12.9%. After 60, with an increase of years, there is a growth of mortality rate from 9.8% in elderly patients to 25.5% in long-livers. A certain role in its genesis is played by the premorbid background, i.e. somatic diseases preceding and accompanying acute exotoxicosis.Aim of study To identify the role of concomitant diseases in the course and outcome of acute poisoning by psychoactive drugs in patients over 60. MATErIALS AnD METhODS We retrospectively analyzed hospital records of 99 patients aged 60 to 90 years who died from poisoning with psychoactive drugs at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in 2013–2016, as well as their autopsy, forensic and histological research data.Results In gerontological patients with acute poisoning with psychoactive drugs, the main premorbid background (100%) is atherosclerotic lesion of the heart and vessels of different degree and extent. In case of lethal outcomes, in toxicogenic stage of poisoning on primary electrocardiograms, myocardial ischemia was revealed in 76.9% of cases, heart rhythm disturbances were detected in all patients, most often in the form of supraventricular extrasystoles (38.4%) and atrial fibrillation (23.1%). In the deceased patients during the somatogenic stage of poisoning, cardiac conduction disorders (31.3%) prevailed. Concomitant chronic lesions of the bronchopulmonary system, including terminal bronchi, contributed to the development of hypostatic pneumonia and its long, migratory course. In 50% of cases, large and small droplet fatty liver disease was detected, which could have a negative effect on the course of poisoning, altering biotransformation of toxicants.Conclusion Atherosclerotic lesion of the heart and vessels, as well as chronic bronchopulmonary disease and fatty liver disease are the main premorbid background factors, which have a negative effect on the course and outcome of acute poisoning with psychoactive drugs

Source selectivity: an assessment of volcanic glass sources in the southern Primorye region, Far East Russia.

Artifacts made from volcanic glass have been found in archaeological contexts dating from the Late Palaeolithic (ca. 20,000 yr B.P) through to the end of the Bronze Age (ca. 2700 yr B.P) in the southern Primorye region of Far East Russia. A geoarchaeological survey of volcanic glass outcrops assessed the various potential sources to determine their potential for sustained exploitation. A characterization study of source samples and artifacts from 27 spatially and temporally dispersed sites using a combination of PIXE-PIGME and relative density identified which sources had actually been exploited and a technological analysis of the assemblages described patterns of use. The combination of these three approaches shows the impact of a relatively stable geological environment on patterns of procurement and exchange. © 2008, Wiley-Blackwell. The definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.co

Reactions of Acid Orange 7 with Iron Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions

The physicochemical properties of two commercial dispersions of iron nanoparticles were studied, together with their behaviour in the room-temperature degradation in basic solutions of Acid Orange 7 (AO7), studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. In one dispersion (bare- RNIP), water was the solvent, and in the other (M-RNIP) a biopolymer (sodium aspartate) was added (RNIP standing for reactive nanoscale iron particles and M for modified). The features of iron nanoparticles (size, morphology, presence of oxidized phases) were studied both in the dispersions as such and in the corresponding dried powders. A protecting role of the biopolymer was observed, as well as changes in the properties with time (aging). With bare-RNIP, the fraction of Fe3O4 (magnetite) steadily increased with time at the expense of Fe0, eventually reaching 99%, and with M-RNIP, the Fe0 content was higher at any time than with bare RNIP: aging, however, brought about the formation of the Fe3+ compound FeOOH besides magnetite. As for AO7 degradation, a similar behaviour was observed with the two fresh dispersions: with M-RNIP, degradation was complete in a few minutes, and with fresh bare-RNIP, the same process was basically observed, though at a lower rate. In both cases, successive reactions were observed as a minor feature, for which an interpretation is advanced. Aging ofM-RNIP does not prevent the degradation reaction: aging in the absence of the polymer, instead, leads, after 6 months, to an entirely different process, consisting in the mere adsorption through the phenol group of AO7 onto the magnetite external layer of bare-RNIP particles. Further aging of bare-RNIP prevents also this phenomenon. The different behaviour of the two dispersions relates to the composition of iron nanoparticles. Reaction with water converts Fe0 into magnetite. When Fe0 is present and the thickness of the outer magnetite layer is moderate, AO7 degradation occurs. With a thick outer layer, only adsorption is possible, which does not take place on a fully oxidized surfac