Secondary electron emission yield in the limit of low electron energy

Secondary electron emission (SEE) from solids plays an important role in many areas of science and technology.1 In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the experimental and theoretical studies of SEE. A recent study proposed that the reflectivity of very low energy electrons from solid surface approaches unity in the limit of zero electron energy2,3,4, If this was indeed the case, this effect would have profound implications on the formation of electron clouds in particle accelerators,2-4 plasma measurements with electrostatic Langmuir probes, and operation of Hall plasma thrusters for spacecraft propulsion5,6. It appears that, the proposed high electron reflectivity at low electron energies contradicts to numerous previous experimental studies of the secondary electron emission7. The goal of this note is to discuss possible causes of these contradictions.Comment: 3 pages, contribution to the Joint INFN-CERN-EuCARD-AccNet Workshop on Electron-Cloud Effects: ECLOUD'12; 5-9 Jun 2012, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Ital

Ecological approach to architectural design of hippological centers

The main idea of the project work considered in this article is the creation of a unique world-class equestrian complex that meets the high standards of horse maintenance, training and rehabilitation, in Yekaterinburg (Russia, Sverdlovsk region). The article discusses the problems of modern hippological centers, trending growth areas based on the 'soft methods of education' theory- A n alternative to the principles of sports and leisure complexes organization, requiring special approaches to the relationship between the horse and the man, new methods and techniques of realization. Technological and functional processes defining the peculiarities of the structural organization and architectural and planning solutions of these complexes are determined within the lines of the hippological science; new aspects and criteria for their development take shape, including the issues of ecological education in modern society © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Effect of Electron Energy Distribution Function on Power Deposition and Plasma Density in an Inductively Coupled Discharge at Very Low Pressures

A self-consistent 1-D model was developed to study the effect of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on power deposition and plasma density profiles in a planar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in the non-local regime (pressure < 10 mTorr). The model consisted of three modules: (1) an electron energy distribution function (EEDF) module to compute the non-Maxwellian EEDF, (2) a non-local electron kinetics module to predict the non-local electron conductivity, RF current, electric field and power deposition profiles in the non-uniform plasma, and (3) a heavy species transport module to solve for the ion density and velocity profiles as well as the metastable density. Results using the non-Maxwellian EEDF model were compared with predictions using a Maxwellian EEDF, under otherwise identical conditions. The RF electric field, current, and power deposition profiles were different, especially at 1mTorr, for which the electron effective mean free path was larger than the skin depth. The plasma density predicted by the Maxwellian EEDF was up to 93% larger for the conditions examined. Thus, the non-Maxwellian EEDF must be accounted for in modeling ICPs at very low pressures.Comment: 19 pages submitted to Plasma Sources Sci. Techno

Mid-Rise Atrium Residential Houses - Domain of Comfort

The paper discusses the role of a natural landscape in an industrial city, the harmonious interaction of an architectural object and the environment in creating a unified eco-architectural space. The authors focus on the typological aspect of residential architecture development, the feasibility of introducing low-rise complex development in the urban environment, suggesting the use of a morphologically autonomous category of urban villas as a type of residential building. The paper considers the advantages of a sustainable and presently relevant spatial archetype - an atrium - and its inclusion in the structure of a residential building and the eco-technical direction of its use along with separate engineering and technical solutions within the concept of energy saving. As an example, a low-rise residential complex project of an 'urban apartment villa' typological structure is considered, with the use of a multi-comfortable house system and the atrium principle of internal space organization in order to create an eco-friendly residential environment in the context of urban development and natural landscape. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved

Logarithmically Slow Expansion of Hot Bubbles in Gases

We report logarithmically slow expansion of hot bubbles in gases in the process of cooling. A model problem first solved, when the temperature has compact support. Then temperature profile decaying exponentially at large distances is considered. The periphery of the bubble is shown to remain essentially static ("glassy") in the process of cooling until it is taken over by a logarithmically slowly expanding "core". An analytical solution to the problem is obtained by matched asymptotic expansion. This problem gives an example of how logarithmic corrections enter dynamic scaling.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

To the problem of organization and design of psychoneurological complexes for children in the context of modern architecture

The article is devoted to the functional organization of complexes of children's specialized clinics. It is noted that mental health is one of the main parameters of the population,which largely determines the present and future development of the world community. The main reasons for the growth in the number of mental disorders in the modern world,including those relevant to Russia,are listed. Statistical data,main social-economic and ecological factors,modern requirements and tendencies of development of a network of medical institutions,expediency of their use in approaches for designing of children's neurological clinics are outlined. The role and contribution of modern architecturally-building practice in process of development of this social sphere and special problems facing designers are emphasized. The authors have considered typological analogues from modern foreign architectural practice. In the analysis,along with the solution of the main technological problems,a unified approach in the organization of both internal and external spatial environments that promotes social,environmental,psychological rehabilitation and healing of patients is proposed. A conceptual model of a children's psychoneurological clinic,which offers not only the creation of a functionally reasonable,constructive and technologically literate structure,but also the active inclusion of social and recreational spaces and natural components in interaction with the surrounding landscape,is presented. The goal of the project was to create a model of "internal city"in which patients,staff and parents would feel comfortable not only physically but also psychologically. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Office spaces in conditions environmental problems of cities

The article discusses the principles for the formation of a sustainable architecture of office spaces in the context of such a global environmental problem as a pandemic. Current trends and general principles of the formation of office spaces in the post-COVID period, the direct relationship between the health of employees, the office ecosystem and the concept of "typology of organizational cultures of the company"are analysed. The main attention is paid to the architectural aspects of organizational models of office objects. The principles and techniques for creating a healthy efficient workspace, which a sustainable office complex should have, are formulated. The reconceptualization of the organization of office activities and methods of adapting traditional office spaces in a pandemic with the prospect of their development in the post-COVID period are considered. The most "viable"types of office spaces and models of workplace organization are singled out in these conditions. It is based on the opinions of business experts related to the further development of office activities, possible changes in internal strategies in the organizational culture of companies. Optimal architectural solutions for the organization of safe and demanded office spaces are proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Radionov A.A.Ulrikh D.V.Timofeyeva S.S.Alekhin V.N