Functional repair of the corticospinal tract by delayed transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells in adult rats

Adult rats were trained to use their forepaws to retrieve a piece of food. Destruction of the dorsal corticospinal tract on one side at the level of the first cervical segment abolished the use of the ipsilateral forepaw for retrieval for at least 6 months after operation. Where a variable amount of the corticospinal tract was spared, there was a proportionate persistence of retrieval. In lesioned rats that had shown no retrieval for 8 weeks after operation, a suspension of olfactory ensheathing cells was injected into the lesion site. Starting between 1 and 3 weeks after transplantation, all rats with transplants bridging the lesion site resumed retrieval by the ipsilateral forepaw. Biotin dextran anterograde tracing shows regenerating corticospinal axons crossing the bridge, traveling caudally for ~10 mm in the distal part of the corticospinal tract and forming terminal arborizations in the spinal gray matter. Functional recovery can occur when only ~1% of the corticospinal tract axons are present

Creativity, thinking style and mental disorders

Creativity is considered as a soundand desirable feature. In cognitive approach, it is assumed that human though effects on his behavior. All human's success and progress depends on dynamic, fruitful and effective thinking. As we know, thinking style of people with his attitude and lifestyle. People with pragmatismthinking style are more flexible and show more creativity and innovation than the others and also they have enough skill to plan for unexpected days. Creativity has a significant effect on reduction of anxiety and depression, enhancing of better adaptability, self-efficiency and personal development. Creating and enhancing of creativity in the form of meta-cognitive,  character and motivation components can have a high effect on improving mental health, self-efficiency and dealing with mental stress. Creativity can also treat the mental disorders. Today, methods to improvecreativity are a technique to enhance the mental health in the society. In this article, we study the relationship among the creativity, thinking styles and a number of mental disorders.Keywords: Creativity, Thinking Style, Mental Disorde