1,345 research outputs found
Dundee Discussion Papers in Economics 202:The public-private sector wage differential: gender, workplaces and family friendliness
Anomalous temperature-induced volume contraction in GeTe
The recent surge of interest in phase change materials GeTe,
GeSbTe, and related compounds motivated us to revisit the
structural phase transition in GeTe in more details than was done before.
Rhombohedral-to-cubic ferroelectric phase transition in GeTe has been studied
by high resolution neutron powder diffraction on a spallation neutron source.
We determined the temperature dependence of the structural parameters in a wide
temperature range extending from 309 to 973 K. Results of our studies clearly
show an anomalous volume contraction of 0.6\% at the phase transition from the
rhombohedral to cubic phase. In order to better understand the phase transition
and the associated anomalous volume decrease in GeTe we have performed phonon
calculations based on the density functional theory. Results of the present
investigations are also discussed with respect to the experimental data
obtained for single crystals of GeTe
Discrete Linear Groups containing Arithmetic Groups
We prove in a large number of cases, that a Zariski dense discrete subgroup
of a simple real algebraic group which contains a higher rank lattice is a
lattice in the group . For example, we show that a Zariski dense subgroup of
which contains in the top left hand
corner, is conjugate to
The English are healthier than the Americans: really?
Background: When comparing the health of two populations, it is not enough to compare the prevalence of chronic diseases. The objective of this study is therefore to propose a metric of health based on domains of functioning to determine whether the English are healthier than the Americans. Methods: We analysed representative samples aged 50 to 80 years from the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N?=?10?349) for the US data, and wave 4 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N?=?9405) for English counterpart data. We first calculated the age-standardized disease prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, all heart diseases, stroke, lung disease, cancer and obesity. Second, we developed a metric of health using Rasch analyses and the questions and measured tests common to both surveys addressing domains of human functioning. Finally, we used a linear additive model to test whether the differences in health were due to being English or American. Results: The English have better health than the Americans when population health is assessed only by prevalence of selected chronic health conditions. The English health advantage disappears almost completely, however, when health is assessed with a metric that integrates information about functioning domains. Conclusions: It is possible to construct a metric of health, based on data directly collected from individuals, in which health is operationalized as domains of functioning. Its application has the potential to tackle one of the most intractable problems in international research on health, namely the comparability of health across countries
Spin-wave softening and Hund's coupling in ferromagnetic manganites
Using one-orbital model of hole-doped manganites, we show with the help of
Holstein-Primakov transformation that finite Hund's coupling is responsible for
the spin-wave softening in the ferromagnetic -phase manganites. We obtain an
analytical result for the spin-wave spectrum for \JH\gg t. In the limit of
infinte Hund's coupling, the spectrum is the conventional nearest-neighbor
Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin-wave. The o(t/\JH)-order correction is negative
and thus accounts for the softening near the zone boundary.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Metamagnetism and soliton excitations in the modulated ferromagnetic Ising chain CoV2O6
We report a combination of physical property and neutron scattering
measurements for polycrystalline samples of the one-dimensional spin chain
compound CoV2O6. Heat capacity measurements show that an effective S = 1/2
state is found at low temperatures and that magnetic fluctuations persist up to
6.Tn. Above Tn = 6.3 K, measurements of the magnetic susceptibility as a
function of T and H show that the nearest neighbour exchange is ferromagnetic.
In the ordered state, we have discovered a crossover from a metamagnet with
strong fluctuations between 5 K and Tn to a state with a 1/3 magnetisation
plateau at 2 < T < 5 K. We use neutron powder diffraction measurements to show
that the AFM state has incommensurate long range order and inelastic time of
flight neutron scattering to examine the magnetic fluctuations as a function of
temperature. Above Tn, we find two broad bands between 3.5 and 5 meV and
thermally activated low energy features which correspond to transitions within
these bands. These features show that the excitations are deconfined solitons
rather than the static spin reversals predicted for a uniform FM Ising spin
chain. Below Tn, we find a ladder of states due to the confining effect of the
internal field. A region of weak confinement below Tn, but above 5 K, is
identified which may correspond to a crossover between 2D and 3D magnetic
ordering.Comment: Expanded version, includes results from arXiv:0804.2966 and neutron
powder diffraction. To appear in PR
Direct evidence for the magnetic ordering of Nd ions in NdFeAsO by high resolution inelastic neutron scattering
We investigated the low energy excitations in the parent compound NdFeAsO of
the Fe-pnictide superconductor in the eV range by a back scattering
neutron spectrometer. The energy scans on a powder NdFeAsO sample revealed
inelastic peaks at E = 1.600 eV at T = 0.055 K on both energy
gain and energy loss sides. The inelastic peaks move gradually towards lower
energy with increasing temperature and finally merge with the elastic peak at
about 6 K. We interpret the inelastic peaks to be due to the transition between
hyperfine-split nuclear level of the Nd and Nd isotopes with
spin . The hyperfine field is produced by the ordering of the
electronic magnetic moment of Nd at low temperature and thus the present
investigation gives direct evidence of the ordering of the Nd magnetic
sublattice of NdFeAsO at low temperature
Combining Molecular Dynamics with Lattice-Boltzmann: A Hybrid Method for the Simulation of (Charged) Colloidal Systems
We present a hybrid method for the simulation of colloidal systems, that
combines molecular dynamics (MD) with the Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) scheme. The LB
method is used as a model for the solvent in order to take into account the
hydrodynamic mass and momentum transport through the solvent. The colloidal
particles are propagated via MD and they are coupled to the LB fluid by viscous
forces. With respect to the LB fluid, the colloids are represented by uniformly
distributed points on a sphere. Each such point (with a velocity V(r) at any
off-lattice position r is interacting with the neighboring eight LB nodes by a
frictional force F=\xi_0(V(r)-u(r)) with \xi_0 being a friction force and u(r)
being the velocity of the fluid at the position r. Thermal fluctuations are
introduced in the framework of fluctuating hydrodynamics. This coupling scheme
has been proposed recently for polymer systems by Ahlrichs and D"unweg [J.
Chem. Phys. 111, 8225 (1999)]. We investigate several properties of a single
colloidal particle in a LB fluid, namely the effective Stokes friction and long
time tails in the autocorrelation functions for the translational and
rotational velocity. Moreover, a charged colloidal system is considered
consisting of a macroion, counterions and coions that are coupled to a LB
fluid. We study the behavior of the ions in a constant electric field. In
particular, an estimate of the effective charge of the macroion is yielded from
the number of counterions that move with the macroion in the direction of the
electric field.Comment: 37 pages, 12 figure
D-brane width
Loop quantum gravity predicts that there are non-zero minimal area, and
non-zero minimal volume in (3+1) dimensions. Given this, one can easily guess
that one will have a non-zero minimal 9-volume in (9+1) dimensions. Therefore,
in this paper, we argue that not only D9-brane but also Dp-brane for p less
than 9 has a 9-volume. This idea is new, as the present view states that such a
Dp-brane has p-volume but no 9 volume. To demonstrate this, first, we equate
D8-brane action with D9-brane action and show that 9th direction which is
perpendicular to D8-brane has non-zero width. We repeat this step for different
ps; we equate Dp-brane action with Dp-1 brane action. By this iteration and
induction we conclude that Dp-brane has non-zero widths for each of (9-p)
directions perpendicular to the Dp-brane, and therefore, non-zero volume. When
antisymmetric tensor and field strength are zero, this width is calculated to
be 2 pi sqrt(alpha') for all (9-p) directions. For non-vanishing antisymmetric
tensor and field strength, the width receives small corrections. In this paper,
we only calculate up to the first order correction.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, argument based on loop quantum gravity adde
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