An analysis of general farms in Tennessee with special reference to family farm income

Agriculture in Tennessee is lagging behind the other southeastern states. In 1954 the net income per farm in Tennessee was $1452, fifth among the southeastern states. In 1964, net income per farm had increased to$1801, but this was the lowest in the southeast. From 1954 to 1969, the percent increase in net income per farm in Tennessee was 24 percent, lowest in southeast. Four other states had increased income by more than ICQ percent; so there is a great need to improve the agriculture in Tennessee. The basic data for the present study was selected from the records of the Tennessee Farms in Unit Test Demonstration program. Forty-two general farms were selected for the four year period from 1964 to 1967, as far as possible using as a criteria that these are classified as general farms for at least three out of the four years. The selected 42 farms were divided into three groups for each year based on the family farm income. The high, middle and low income groups are the three divisions which have the averages for 11,20 and 11 farms respectively. It was found that the reason for the higher income of the middle and high income groups is the favorable relationship between the major factors that affects the family farm income and the family farm income. The reason for the low income of the low income group is the preponderance of unfavorable relationship between major factors and family farm income. In conclusion, measures for Improving the family farm income for all income groups of farms were suggested. The practical aspects involved in these improvements were briefly mentioned

Changes in buttermilk on storage with special reference to flavor

Four brands of buttermilk were secured from four buttermilk manufacturers and evaluated. Diacetyl level and pH of the buttermilk were determined. The buttermilk was evaluated for flavor by a taste panel. During storage there was no significant change in pH level but there was significant change in diacetyl level for all brands of buttermilk. The judgment of the sensory panel indicated that there was no significant difference among the different brands of buttermilk on the first day of storage but on the eleventh day of storage brand number 3 and 4 were inferior to brand number 1 and 2. The judgment also showed that the brand number 3 and 4 were significantly different from each other but there was no significant difference between brand number 1 and 2

Busulphan is active against neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma xenografts in athymic mice at clinically achievable plasma drug concentrations

High-dose busulphan-containing chemotherapy regimens have shown high response rates in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma and medulloblastoma. However, the anti-tumour activity of busulfan as a single agent remains to be defined, and this was evaluated in athymic mice bearing advanced stage subcutaneous paediatric solid tumour xenografts. Because busulphan is highly insoluble in water, the use of several vehicles for enteral and parenteral administration was first investigated in terms of pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The highest bioavailability was obtained with busulphan in DMSO administered i.p. When busulphan was suspended in carboxymethylcellulose and given orally or i.p., the bioavailability was poor. Then, in the therapeutic experiments, busulphan in DMSO was administered i.p. on days 0 and 4. At the maximum tolerated total dose (50 mg kg−1), busulphan induced a significant tumour growth delay, ranging from 12 to 34 days in the three neuroblastomas evaluated and in one out of three medulloblastomas. At a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose, busulphan induced complete and partial tumour regressions. Busulphan was inactive in a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) xenograft. When busulphan pharmacokinetics in mice and humans were considered, the estimated systemic exposure at the therapeutically active dose in mice (113 μg h ml−1) was close to the mean total systemic exposure in children receiving high-dose busulphan (102.4 μg h ml−1). In conclusion, busulphan displayed a significant anti-tumour activity in neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma xenografts at plasma drug concentrations which can be achieved clinically in children receiving high-dose busulphan-containing regimens. 1999 Cancer Research Campaig