Analysis of electrodeposited CdTe thin films grown using cadmium chloride precursor for applications in solar cells

Deposition of cadmium telluride (CdTe) from cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and tellurium oxide has been achieved by electroplating technique using two-electrode configuration. Cyclic voltammetry shows that near-stoichiometric CdTe is achievable between 1330 and 1400 mV deposition voltage range. The layers grown were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell and DC conductivity measurements. The XRD shows that the electrodeposited CdTe layer is polycrystalline in nature. The UV–Visible spectrophotometry shows that the bandgap of both as-deposited and heat-treated CdTe films are in the range of (1.44–1.46) eV. The SEM shows grain growth after CdCl2 treatment, while, the EDX shows the effect of growth voltage on the atomic composition of CdTe layers. The PEC results show that both p- and n-type CdTe can be electrodeposited and the DC conductivity reveals that the high resistivity is at the inversion growth voltage (Vi) for the as-deposited and CdCl2 treated layers

Optimisation of pH of cadmium chloride post-growth-treatment in processing CDS/CDTE based thin film solar cells

The role of Chlorine-based activation in the production of high quality CdS/CdTe photovoltaic have been well discussed and explored with an overlook of the effect of Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) post-growth treatment acidity on the property of the fabricated devices. This work focuses on the optimisation of CdCl2 post-growth treatment pH as it affects both the material and fabricated device properties of all-electrodeposited multilayer glass/FTO/n-CdS/n-CdTe/p-CdTe configuration. CdCl2 treatments with acidity ranging from pH1 to pH4 were explored. The properties of the ensued CdTe layer were explored using optical, morphological, compositional structural and electrical property analysis, while, the effect on fabricated multilayer glass/FTO/n-CdS/n-CdTe/p-CdTe configuration were also explored using both I-V and C-V measurements. Highest improvements in the optical, morphological, compositional and structural were observed at pH2 CdCl2 post-growth treatment with an improvement in absorption edge, grain size, crystallinity and crystallite size. Conductivity type conversions from n-CdTe to p-CdTe, increase in pin-hole density and collapse of the absorption edge were observed after pH1 CdCl2 treatment. The highest fabricated solar cell efficiency of 13% was achieved using pH2 CdCl2 treatment as compared to other pH values explored

A preconditioned multigrid for simulation of atmospheric flow and wind turbine wakes

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.This paper demonstrates a low Mach number preconditioning formulation for high Reynolds number, low Mach number atmospheric flows. The preconditioning is implemented together with multigrid approach into a multistage solver in order to provide an efficient and robust all purpose solver to be used for the simulation of high Reynolds number viscous flows. Several modification and scaling of the preconditioned parameter are introduced to ensure robust use of the scheme for this particular flow regime in presence of stagnation points and seperation regions. The simulations results of standard cases of atmospheric flow over hilly terrain with attached and separated flow are presented to demonstrate the superior convergence, accuracy and robustness of the developed preconditioned scheme. An immersed wind turbine model is also developed and embedded into the preconditioned solver which allows for the simulations of far wake behind wind turbines in wind farms. The use of the immersed model reduces the stringent grid requirements of full RANS simulations around wind turbines and allows one to efficiently predict the wake evolution within wind farms

Beneficial effects of agomelatine in experimental model of sepsis-related acute kidney injury [Sepsis nedenli akut böbrek hasarında agomelatinin etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi]

PubMed ID: 27193977BACKGROUND: Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of sepsis. Problems persist regarding early diagnosis and treatment of AKI. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of agomelatine, which is primarily known for its positive effects on depressive and anxiety disorders in sepsis-related AKI. METHODS: Sepsis model was created with cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Rats were separated into 4 groups of 8 each: the control group, the sham-operated group, the CLP+saline group, and the CLP+agomelatine group. Agomelatine was administered intraperitoneally in doses of 20 mg/kg. RESULTS: In the agomelatine group, reductions were observed in levels of tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), malondialdehyde (MDA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine, as well as in histological kidney scores, compared to the non-treated group. In addition, it was demonstrated that agomelatine treatment had positive effect on sepsis-induced morphological damage to renal and tubular tissues. CONCLUSION: Agomelatine showed strong efficacy in sepsis-related AKI, demonstrated with histological and biochemical results in an experimental model. It is believed that antioxidant and pro-inflammatory effects of agomelatine are responsible for the improvement in kidneys. © 2016 TJTES

Occupational burnout and cyberloafing among teachers: Analysis of personality traits, individual and occupational status variables as predictors

One of the phenomena that causes remarkable losses in terms of productivity and cost in organizations is occupational burnout. Burnout is encountered in different occupational groups. However, in professions that are in contact with a large number of people as part of their responsibilities, such as teaching, burnout is a problem that is far more on the foreground. In addition, emotional burnout, which is seen as the first step before occupational burnout, can cause workers to feel insufficient at the point of carrying out tasks related to their duties, leading to behaviour that is out of their fields such as cyberloafing. Addressing this situation in terms of teaching profession, the feeling of inadequacy in educational activities during the course may prevent the teacher from fulfilling any responsibilities while using a device that has internet access. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors that predict the cyberloafing and burnout levels of teachers working in different fields. This research is a relational research. This research was carried out with the participations of 194 teachers from different branches working in various provinces in Turkey. In this study, a personal information form and three different data collection tools were used. Analysis of the collected data was performed by hierarchical linear multiple regression analysis. The 9 models, created separately with cyberloafing and burnout, were found to be significant in the study. Demographic variables, ICT usage status variables, occupational variables and personality traits were used in these models. Therefore, all the hypotheses included in the research were accepted. As a result of the research, demographic variables were found to be the most important model to predict teachers' occupational burnout. The most important model explaining teachers' cyberloafing situations is their ICT usage. (C) 2018 Western Social Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved