Synthetic application of gold complexes on magnetic supports

Gold nanocatalysts (GNCs) have recently become a hot topic and are widely used in chemistry. Between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyses, two main types of catalyses, heterogeneous catalysts have gained importance because of their ease of separation from the mixture with low contamination of the products. Currently, nano-heterogeneous catalysis is the main subject in a wide range of research studies because nanostructures have unique abilities that are found only at the nano-level of the molecular world. This review selectively discusses the magnetic phenomena of heterogeneous GNCs, in which their inherent magnetic property provides many advantages over the nonmagnetic counterparts and also highlights the synthesis, development, and recyclability of various types of magnetic GNCs in well-known organic reactions. These insights are useful for researchers working on the future of magnetic-type gold nanocatalysis to enhance organic transformations, in both rate and yield. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Recent developments of metallic nanoparticles and their catalytic activity in organic reactions

During the last two decades, with the development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been designed and generated. Among them, hybrid organic�inorganic nanoparticles as a particular immobilizing carrier of the catalyst active sites have shown an important contribution in the current research studies. This is due to the large area and loads of active sites. This prominent review is focused on the novel various exa about the immobilization of nanoparticles with organic compounds as versatile and efficient catalysts in organic syntheses. © 2020 The Chemical Society Located in Taipei & Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Triethanolammonium acetate (teahoac) as a recyclable promoter and medium for green and four-component synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrrole derivatives

Multi-component synthesis of functionalized pyrrole derivatives was achieved via a fourcomponent condensation reaction of ethyl acetoacetate/ methyl acetoacetate, aromatic amines, nitromethane, and aromatic aldehydes using triethanolammonium acetate (TEAHOAc) ionic liquid as a green solvent and catalyst. Easy access to highly substituted pyrroles, reusability of the catalyst, broad substrate scopes, no column chromatography, short reaction time, good yields of products and solventfree conditions make this protocol environmentally friendly and practically attractive. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers

Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone against klebsiella oxytoca, staphylococcus aureus, and aspergillus flavus

Background: The presence of medicines in the environment is considered as a serious threat to the human health. The entrance of these substances into the water sources causes soil pollution, which eventually leads to the environmental pollution and it creates some problems for the public health. Also, increasing antibiotic resistant bacteria has attracted the attention of researchers to the use of natural resources such as marine products, for producing new antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone against Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus flavus. Methods: At first, cuttlebones were washed, dried, and powdered. Then, the powdered cuttlebone was characterized. In the next step, its antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar well diffusion technique, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated. Results: The powdered cuttlebone was found to be effective against K. oxytoca (24 mm, MIC: 10-1 mg/mL), but no antimicrobial response was found against S. aureus. Also, the powdered cuttlebone antifungal activity and MIC against A. flavus were recorded 23 mm and 10-1 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone, which are concentration dependent. Furthermore, cuttlebone can be used as an accessible natural source to provide novel, low cost, and safe antimicrobial agents. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences

TBP2SO4 ionic liquid catalyst for 4MCR of pyridazinoindazole, indazolophthalazine and pyrazolophthalazine derivatives

Abstract: Tetrabutyl phosphonium sulfate (TBP2SO4), as novel room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), was synthesized by a simple cost-effective method, characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and FT-IR spectrophotometry. The newly prepared catalyst was used as an efficient catalyst in some four multicomponent reactions (4MCRs) e. g., to synthesis pyridazino1,2-aindazole, indazolo2,1-bphthalazine and pyrazolo1,2-bphthalazine. This green method has several advantages such as short reaction time, using simple methods to prepare catalysts and products, easy operation and high efficiency of products. In addition, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused several times with reduced average activity. Graphic abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Introducing new and effective catalysts for the synthesis of pyridazino1,2-aindazole, indazolo2,1-bphthalazine and pyrazolo1,2-bphthalazine derivatives

In this study, a new and effective catalyst for the synthesis of pyridazino1,2-aindazole, indazolo2,1-bphthalazine and pyrazolo1,2-bphthalazine derivatives was introduced. Triethanolammonium acetate (TEAHOAc) accelerates the reaction in a one-pot and four-component condensation of aldehydes, hydrazine hydrate, succinic/phthalic anhydride, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. The yield of the products is high, and the reaction conditions are mild and solvent-free. Furthermore, the model reaction was conducted in the presence of triethanolammonium sulphate (TEAHHSO4 and triethanolammonium formate (TEAHHCOO) under various conditions. In addition, the catalyst is recyclable, therefore, it can be reused several times. The structure of the obtained products was confirmed by comparing the M.P., IR, and 1H NMR. Advantages of this technique are as following: � Synthesis of novel, green, and one-pot and four-component condensation (4CC) under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. � The catalytic reaction is performed under mild and environmentally friendly conditions in short reaction times and excellent yields. � The catalyst is easily recycled and exhibits good chemical and structural stability. © 2020 The Author(s

Pd nanoparticles supported on Fe3O4@SiO2-Schiff base as an efficient magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for Suzuki�Miyaura coupling reaction

Abstract: In this work, Pd nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) were decorated on modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid (PhB(OH)2) in a green solvent. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. All analyses confirmed the successful modification of MNPs and immobilization of Pd on modified MNPs. This catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability in the suzuki cross-coupling reaction of PhB(OH)2 and aryl halide derivatives. This protocol includes some advantages, such as magnetically reusability of the catalyst, mild experimental conditions, green solvent, excellent yields of the product (52�98), and short reaction times (4�33 min). The catalyst could be reused for six successive runs without any significant loss of its efficiency. Graphic abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V

Survey of Qualitative and Quantitative production of waste in the city of sirjan in winter 2013 and spring, summer and autumn 2014

Introduction: The rate of waste generation and its physical composition depends on several factors. These factors are different at various regions. So the quality and quantity of waste in various cities are different. In this study, the quality and quantity of produced waste at Sirjan city is evaluated.      Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2014.The second month of each season was selected. Then four days of mid-week was selected at the second or third week of each month. Ten samples were taken every day. The volume of each random sample was 0.5 cubic meters. Its components were determined after separation. Components of waste were divided in the 9 categories. 40 samples per season, and 160 samples totally, were analyzed in four seasons and the amount of produced waste in Sirjan city was calculated. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics. Results: The average of daily production of waste at Sirjan city was 150.75 tone. The maximum amountof waste production was 158 tons per day at the autumn. Most specified constituent of waste wasbelonging to the perishable material equal to68.2% and the lowest were PET bottles equal to 1.3%. Field surveys and evident information showed that sirjan landfill is inappropriate.                      Conclusions: compost production is recommended due to high amounts of perishable materials in waste. Set up recycling schemes for paper, cardboard and materials with commercial value, such as plastics, metals and polyethylene terephtalate should be on the agenda. Emplacement a new landfill is the main priorities of this city