468 research outputs found
Selective demethylation of the 5-methoxyl group in flavanones and synthesis of dihydrowogonin
This article does not have an abstract
National Rural Employment Guarantee as Social Protection
This article is an attempt to highlight issues around the implementation of NREGA with a focus on its institutions, governance and innovations. The main proposition considered is that institutions and governance play an important role in determining the functioning of NREGA, and the trajectory of its success. The attempt is to identify the conditions for success (or failure) in the process, to draw lessons for mid?course corrections to the programme. This includes examining political, administrative and bureaucratic dynamics that may ensure better realisation of the âright to workâ. Based on a field study in three Indian states, it was found that differential impacts and achievements of the NREGA are related to variations in the commitment of local leadership, levels of institutional preparedness and governance capacities. The experience of these states offers certain insights which may help improve implementation policy of the NREGA
Study of strong photon-magnon coupling in a YIG-film split-ring resonant system
By using the stripline Microwave Vector Network Analyzer Ferromagnetic
Resonance and Pulsed Inductive Microwave Magnetometry spectroscopy techniques,
we study a strong coupling regime of magnons to microwave photons in the planar
geometry of a lithographically formed split-ring resonator (SRR) loaded by a
single-crystal epitaxial yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) film. Strong anti-crossing
of the photon modes of SRR and of the magnon modes of the YIG film is observed
in the applied-magnetic-field resolved measurements. The coupling strength
extracted from the experimental data reaches 9 percent at 3 GHz.
Theoretically, we propose an equivalent circuit model of an SRR loaded by a
magnetic film. This model follows from the results of our numerical simulations
of the microwave field structure of the SRR and of the magnetization dynamics
in the YIG film driven by the microwave currents in the SRR. The equivalent
circuit model is in good agreement with the experiment. It provides a simple
physical explanation of the process of mode anti-crossing.
Our findings are important for future applications in microwave quantum
photonic devices as well as in magnetically tunable metamaterials exploiting
the strong coupling of magnons to microwave photons
Can Europe recover without credit?
Data from 135 countries covering five decades suggests that creditless recoveries, in which
the stock of real credit does not return to the pre-crisis level for three years after the GDP
trough, are not rare and are characterised by remarkable real GDP growth rates: 4.7 percent
per year in middle-income countries and 3.2 percent per year in high-income countries.
However, the implications of these historical episodes for the current European situation are
limited, for two main reasons. First, creditless recoveries are much less common in highincome
countries, than in low-income countries which are financially undeveloped. European
economies heavily depend on bank loans and research suggests that loan supply played a
major role in the recent weak credit performance of Europe. There are reasons to believe that,
despite various efforts, normal lending has not yet been restored. Limited loan supply could
be disruptive for the European economic recovery and there has been only a minor
substitution of bank loans with debt securities. Second, creditless recoveries were associated
with significant real exchange rate depreciation, which has hardly occurred so far in most of
Europe. This stylised fact suggests that it might be difficult to re-establish economic growth
in the absence of sizeable real exchange rate depreciation, if credit growth does not return
Induction of c-fos protein by activation of vasopressin receptors in smooth muscle cells
AbstractStimulation of vasopressin (V1) receptors of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A-10, ATCC CRL 1476) results in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) with the mobilization of intracellular calcium. When A-10 cells are exposed to arginine vasopressin (AVP), there is an increase in the level of c-fos oncoprotein. The extent of induction of c-fos oncoprotein depends on both the time of exposure of the cells to AVP, reaching a maximum at 60 min after which there is a slow decline, and the concentration of AVP used, with an approximate EC50 of 1 nM which corresponds well with the Kd of vasopressin binding to these receptors. This vasopressin-mediated increase in c-fos protein level is inhibited by a V1/V2 antagonist (SKF 101498) suggesting that this is a receptor-mediated event. In addition dDAVP, a V2 selective agonist, is much less effective than AVP in inducing c-fos protein suggesting that AVP mediates its effect via V1 receptors. Desensitization of vasopressin receptors by prolonged exposure to AVP resulted in no additional induction of c-fos protein level in response to second challenge of AVP. In addition to AVP, phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), also stimulates the accumulation of c-fos protein although to a lesser extent than AVP. The above data suggest that c-fos protein levels in smooth muscle cells are regulated by AVP and the hormonal effect may be mediated through PI turnover and DAG, IP3 and Ca2+ signals
- âŚ