Biocomposting process for utilization agro-industrial wastes

Biological treatment has played prominent roles in bioremediation of wastes and contaminants. Composting is one of the biological process that has been considered to be one of the most suitable ways of converting organic wastes into products that are beneficial for plant growth. The study of the bio-composting process by solid-state bioconversion utilizing palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) were studied in lab scale. From the study it is found that horizontal rotary drum bioreactor was the most suitable to run this study. In this project, four filamentous fungi were used; (i) Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (ii) Trichoderma harzianum. (iii) Aspergillus niger. (iv) Penicillium sp. The bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials by evaluating the C/N ratio and other parameters using horizontal rotary drum bioreactor were studied. The good and mature of the compost is reflected by C/N ratio, germination index and glucosamine assay. The result showed that the C/N ratio drop from days 10 onwards and in the range of 25 to 30. The germination indexes of 50 to 70% indicate that the compost produce was a phyto toxic-free product and merely achieved as mature compost. The composting period required to complete this process was two months. Thus, this study developed an effective and feasible composting technique of POME and EFB using horizontal rotary drum bioreactor by solid state bioconversion process

Quantum gravitational optics in the field of a gravitomagnetic monopole

Vacuum polarization in QED in a background gravitational field induces interactions which {\it effectively} modify the classical picture of light rays as the null geodesics of spacetime. After a short introduction on the main aspects of the quantum gravitational optics, as a nontrivial example, we study this effect in the background of NUT space characterizing the spacetime of a spherical mass endowed with a gravitomagnetic monopole charge, the so called NUT factor.Comment: 9 pages, title changed and the text abridged for publication in the Journal of Physics: Conference serie

Quantum gravitational optics: the induced phase

The geometrical approximation of the extended Maxwell equation in curved spacetime incorporating interactions induced by the vacuum polarization effects is considered. Taking into account these QED interactions and employing the analogy between eikonal equation in geometrical optics and Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the particle motion, we study the phase structure of the modified theory. There is a complicated, local induced phase which is believed to be responsible for the modification of the classical picture of light ray. The main features of QGO could be obtained through the study of this induced phase. We discuss initial principles in conventional and modified geometrical optics and compare the results.Comment: 10 pages, REVTex forma

Fermat's principle in quantum gravitational optics

Interactions incorporating the vacuum polarization effects in curved backgrounds modify the null cone structure in such a way that the photon trajectories would not be the space-time geodesics anymore. The gravitational birefringence introduced as a direct consequence of these effects, will allow shifts in the photon velocities leading to polarization dependent superluminal propagation. Taking these effects into account we study Fermat's principle in the context of the 1+3 (threading) formulation of the space-time decomposition. We find an expression for the modified spacetime refractive index and show it is proportional to the light cone correction to the first order. Consequences of this modification on polarization sum rules and spatial light paths are considered.Comment: 13 Pages, REVTex format, section on gravitomagnetic monopoles is removed along with its references, new references adde

Pengaruh Suhu Preheat dan Variasi Arus pada Hasil Las Tig Aluminium Paduan terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasan

Aluminium has a good nature; corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and able to be recycled. But the connection with welding aluminum is difficult to do so we need the right way this study aims to determine the characteristics of the results of weld aluminum with large variations in preheat temperature and current. Aluminum Alloy AA 3003 TIG welded with Filler ER 5356, a variation current 110 A, 130 A, 140 A and preheat temperature of 75 degree celcius, 125 degree celcius, 175 degree celcius, then welds tested tensile, hardness, and microstructure. The results showed that the variation o f the current 110 A with a preheat temperature of 175 degree C has the highest tensile strength and hardness

The effect of hydroalcoholic Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract on viability of breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and evaluation of Bax and Bcl2 genes expression level

Background: Studies have revealed that the Sidr (Ziziphus spina-christi) leaf has anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic Sidr leaf extract on MCF7 cell line viability and evaluation of Bax and Bcl2 genes expression level. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory-experimental study, MCF cells were randomly divided into control group and groups exposed to 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/mL of the Sidr leaf hydroalcoholic extract. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was measured using the MTT assay method. Also, the real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to evaluate Bax and Bcl2 genes expression levels. Results: Viability of the MCF7 cells did not significantly change in group exposed to 0.001 mg/mL of the extract; however, it was significantly decreased in groups exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/mL of the extract (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The expression levels of Bcl2 and Bax genes were significantly decreased and increased respectively in MCF7 cells exposed to 1mg/mL of the extract (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The appropriate doses of the hydroalcoholic Sidr leaf extract have cytotoxic effects on MCF7 cells by inducing apoptosis. So, further research on the anticancer effects of Sidr on breast cancer has a significant place in breast cancer treatment

Kekerasan Di Televisi: Perspektif Kultivasi

Indonesians are categorized as Views Society, i.e. society who significantly spent most of their leisure times in front of the screen, instead of doing other activities, such as reading. Television, on the other hand, proved to be an effective media whose outreach and penetration potent were undefeatable compared with other media. This situation turns to be problematic, due to the low quality of television which contained violence materials. People naturally learn violence from television. Being overexposed to violence materials, people were getting used to solve their problems by means of violence, too

Konstruksi Jilbab Sebagai Simbol Keislaman

Veil USAge is not only just a matter of fashion style. Moreover, veils symbolize many great values in Islamic tradition. No wonder if veil—or jilbab—are commonly found in many places, including campus, among students as well as lecturer. This research aimed to investigate the motivation of the girls in wearing jilbab. Using phenomenology approach to know more about subjectivity meanings constructed between research subjects, the research has finally revealed some motivations among the girls in wearing jilbab. There are three motives in wearing jilbab as found among Unisba\u27s students: theological motive, psychological motive, and fashionable motive. Such motive further implied on three different identities constructed by research subjects: Phenomenal Moslem Students, Fashionable Moslem Students, and Tolerant Moslem Students