The Effect of Chloramphenicol on Atropine and Scopolamine Contents in Datura Stramonium L

Abstract: Background & Aims: In regard to the importance of atropine and scopolamine as medicines with natural source, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of chloramphenicol as an inhibitor of protein synthesis on the alkaloids content of Datura stramonium. Method: After initial preparation of medicinal garden seeds, they were planted 50 cm apart in four different sections. Three different concentrations of chloramphenicol (100, 200 and 400 ppm) were sprayed on the plant once a week for a period of 18 weeks. Water was applied for the control group. Replicate samples were taken randomly every two weeks from each section. After extraction and separation of the samples, the quantitative analyses were carried out. The levels of atropine and scopolamine were determined using UV spectroscopy (13CNMR, UV, IR, Mass). Results: The maximum levels of alkaloids were observed in young stems of the plants. The best result was obtained following applying the concentration of 200 ppm, which caused a significant increase in atropine and scopolamine levels in all parts of plant by 100% and 110% respectively in comparison with the control group (p< 0.005). Conclusion: Increase in the availability of amino acids may lead to an increase of alkaloids production following protein inhibition synthesis. Keywords: Atropine, Scopolamine, Datura stramonium, Chloramphenico

Cardiovascular toxicities of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia: preventive strategies and cardiovascular surveillance

Nazanin Aghel,1 Diego Hernan Delgado,1 Jeffrey Howard Lipton2 1Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network,University of Toronto, 2Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Abstract: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment and outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite their significant impact on the management of CML, there is growing evidence that TKIs may cause cardiovascular and/or metabolic complications. In this review, we present the current evidence regarding the cardiovascular safety profiles of BCR-ABL TKIs. Methodological challenges of studies that reported the cardiovascular safety of TKIs are discussed. We also propose management strategies for cardiovascular surveillance and risk factor modification during treatment with these agents. Keywords: BCR-ABL, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, peripheral arterial disease, cardiovascular disease, adverse event&nbsp