A magyar tüdőtranszplantációs program indulása és első eredményei

Absztrakt: Magyarországon az első tüdőtranszplantációt 2015. 12. 12-én végeztük el az Országos Onkológiai Intézet és a Semmelweis Egyetem együttműködésével. Cikkünkben az elmúlt két és fél év eredményeit összegezzük. 2018 augusztusáig 55 tüdőtranszplantációra került sor. Az adatfeldolgozást retrospektív módszerrel végeztük. A várólistára helyezés a Tüdő Transzplantációs Bizottság javaslatára történt. A donortüdők agyhalott donorokból származtak. A posztoperatív gondozás a Semmelweis Egyetemen folytatódott. 2015. 12. 12. és 2018. 07. 31. között 76 szervkivételen vettünk részt: 45 magyar, 23 Eurotransplant-, 8 Eurotransplanton kívüli országban, ezekből 54 kétoldali és 1 egyoldali tüdőtranszplantáció valósult meg. A műtéteket egyoldali (n = 1), kétoldali thoracotomiából (n = 1) vagy ’clamshell’ betolásból (n = 53), venoarterialis extrakorporális membránoxigenizáció-támogatással végeztük. Három esetben az extrakorporális membránoxigenizáció-támogatást a posztoperatív szakban prolongáltuk, másik két betegnél extrakorporális membránoxigenizáció-bridge terápiát követően végeztük el a transzplantációt. Egy kombinált tüdő-vese transzplantáció is történt. A recipiensek alapbetegsége krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség (n = 28); fibrotizáló tüdőbetegség (n = 8); cystás fibrosis (n = 12); elsődleges pulmonalis hypertonia (n = 2); histiocytosis-X (n = 1); bronchiectasia (n = 2); lymphangioleiomyomatosis (n = 1) és bronchiolitis obliterans szindróma miatti retranszplantáció (n = 1) volt. Átlagéletkoruk 47,5 ± 15,18 év volt. A legfiatalabb beteg 13 éves volt. A várólistán 12 beteg hunyt el. A betegek átlagosan 24,6 ± 18,18 napot töltöttek az intenzív osztályon. A korai posztoperatív időszakban 2 beteget vesztettünk el. Tartós lélegeztetési igény miatt tracheostomát 13 esetben készítettünk. A betegek 1 éves túlélése 82,96% volt. A hazai tüdőtranszplantációs programban gyorsan emelkednek az esetszámok, ami más centrumok indulásához képest kivételes eredmény. A szövődmények és halálozások aránya más, nagy esetszámú centrumok számainak megfelel. A jövőben a várólista bővítését, az esetszámok további növelését, és az ’ex vivo lung perfusion’ (EVLP-) rendszer használatának bevezetését szeretnénk megvalósítani. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1859–1868. | Abstract: The first lung transplantation in Hungary was performed on 12th of December, 2015. It was a joint effort of the National Institute of Oncology and the Semmelweis University. Hereby we summarise the results and experiences from the first three years. Until August, 2018, 55 lung transplantations were performed in Hungary. This was a retrospective analysis. All patients were listed according to the recommendation of the Lung Transplantation Committee. All implanted lungs have been procured from brain dead donors. Postoperative treatment and rehabilitation of the patients were continued at the Semmelweis University. Between 12. 12. 2015 and 31. 07. 2018, our team performed 76 organ retrievals: out of 45 Hungarian offers, 23 came from Eurotransplant countries and 8 outside of the Eurotransplant region. From these donations, 54 double and 1 single side transplantations were successfully performed. The surgical approach was single side thoracotomy (n = 1), bilateral thoracotomy (n = 1) and in the majority of the cases clamshell incision (n = 53). For the intraoperative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support had to be prolonged in 3 patients into the early postoperative period, two other recipients were bridged to transplant with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In the same time period, one combined lung-kidney transplantation was also performed. The distribution of recipients according to the underlying disease was: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 28); idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 8); cystic fibrosis (n = 12); primary pulmonary hypertension (n = 2); hystiocytosis-X (n = 1); bronchiectasis (n = 2); lymphangioleiomyomatosis (n = 1); and re-transplantation following bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (n = 1), respectively. The mean age of recipients was 47.5 ± 15.18 years. The youngest recipient was 13 years old. We unfortunately lost 12 patients on our waiting list. The mean intensive care unit stay was 24.6 ± 18.18 days. Two patients were lost in the early postoperative phase. Tracheostomy was necessary in 13 cases due to the need of prolonged ventilation. 1-year survival of the recipients was 82.96% (until 31. 07. 2018). When looking at the first three years of the program, the case numbers elevated quickly throughout the years which is rather unique when compared to other centres in their starting period. Perioperative mortality and morbidity is comparable with high-volume lung transplantation centres. In the future we would like to increase the number of patients on the waiting list, thus increasing the total number of transplantations performed, and we are also planning to implement the use of the ex vivo lung perfusion system (EVLP) in our program. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1859–1868

A needle in the haystack – the dire straits of needle exchange in Hungary

Abstract Background The two largest needle exchange programs (NEPs) in Hungary were forced to close down in the second half of 2014 due to extreme political attacks and related lack of government funding. The closures occurred against a background of rapid expansion in Hungary of injectable new psychoactive substances, which are associated with very frequent injecting episodes and syringe sharing. The aim of our analysis was to predict how the overall Hungarian NEP syringe supply was affected by the closures. Methods We analyzed all registry data from all NEPs in Hungary for all years of standardized NEP data collection protocols currently in use (2008–2014) concerning 22 949 client enrollments, 9 211 new clients, 228 167 client contacts, 3 160 560 distributed syringes, and 2 077 676 collected syringes. Results We found that while the combined share of the two now closed NEPs decreased over time, even in their partial year 2014 they still distributed and collected about half of all syringes, and attended to over half of all clients and client contacts in Hungary. The number of distributed syringes per PWID (WHO minimum target = 100) was 81 in 2014 in Hungary, but 39 without the two now closed NEPs. Conclusions There is a high probability that the combination of decreased NEP coverage and the increased injection risk of new psychoactive substances may lead in Hungary to a public health disaster similar to the HIV outbreaks in Romania and Greece. This can be avoided only by an immediate change in the attitude of the Hungarian government towards harm reduction

First 3 Years of the Hungarian Lung Transplantation Program

In this article we summarize the results of the first 3 years after launching the Hungarian Lung Transplantation Program.The first lung transplant in Hungary was carried out on December 12, 2015, with the collaboration of the National Institute of Oncology and the Semmelweis University. Up to December 31, 2018, a total of 62 lung transplants were performed. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were listed for lung transplant after the indication was established by the National Lung Transplantation Committee. Donor lungs were procured from brain-dead donors only.Within this period our team was involved in 87 lung procurements, 61 of which resulted in bilateral lung transplant and 1 in single-sided transplant. The operative approach was unilateral thoracotomy (n = 1), bilateral thoracotomy (n = 1), or clamshell incision (n = 60) with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. The underlying disease of the recipients was obstructive lung disease (n = 30), lung fibrosis (n = 11), cystic fibrosis (n = 18), primary pulmonary hypertension (n = 2), histiocytosis-X syndrome (n = 1), bronchiectasis (n = 2), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (n = 1), and retransplant because of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (n = 1). The youngest patient was 13 years of age, while the oldest was 65 years. Three patients died in the early postoperative phase. One-year survival was 80%.The number of cases rises steadily in the Hungarian Lung Transplantation Program, which is exceptional compared with the start of other centrums. The incidence of complications and mortality is comparable with those of other experienced centers around the world. Our future goal is to broaden our waiting list, thus increasing the number of lung transplants carried out