Humor, Otimismo e Bem-estar em Contexto Educativo: estudo exploratório

O bem-estar, o otimismo e o humor no contexto educativo são fenómenos que, além de contribuírem para a criação de um ambiente de aprendizagem positivo e acolhedor, influenciam significativamente o desempenho académico, o envolvimento dos alunos, a construção de relacionamentos interpessoais saudáveis e o desenvolvimento geral da comunidade educativa. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar as variáveis humor, otimismo e bem-estar no contexto educativo. A amostra desta investigação é constituída por 323 indivíduos, docentes e não docentes nas escolas de Portugal Continental e Ilhas, com uma idade média global de 46 anos. Em relação aos instrumentos utilizados estes foram, um Questionário Sociodemográfico e Profissional, a Escala do Bem-estar Experiencial de Pocinho e Garcês (2019) e Escala de Otimismo de Barros de Oliveira (1998). Relativamente, aos resultados deste estudo, verifica-se, que existem, efetivamente, diferenças significativas na relação do humor positivo com o bem-estar fator 2 e diferenças significativas na relação do humor positivo com o otimismo. Conclui-se que o humor, o bem-estar e o otimismo são variáveis positivas relevantes para o contexto educativo.Well-being, optimism, and humor in the educational context are phenomena that, besides contributing to the creation of a positive and welcoming learning environment, significantly influence academic performance, student engagement, the building of healthy interpersonal relationships, and the overall development of the educational community. In this sense, the objective of this study is to analyze the variables of humor, optimism, and well-being in the educational context. The sample of this research consists of 323 individuals, both teachers and non-teaching staff, in schools from mainland Portugal and islands, with an overall average age of 46 years. Regarding the instruments used, they were a Sociodemographic and Professional Questionnaire, the Experiential Well-Being Scale by Pocinho and Garcês (2019), and the Optimism Scale by Barros de Oliveira (1998). Concerning the results of this study, it is observed that there are indeed significant differences in the relationship of positive humor with Experiential Well-Being (2nd fator) and significant differences in the relationship of positive humor with optimism. It is concluded that humor, well-being, and optimism are relevant positive variables for the educational context

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status