Fpga Implementation Of Digital Modulation Schemes Using Verilog Hdl

This paper describes the design and development of an FPGA-based digital Modulation Scheme for high-resolution Communication Application. We are focusing on implementation of Verilog based code simulation for fundamental and widely used digital modulation techniques such as Binary Amplitude-shift keying (BASK), Binary Frequency-shift keying (BFSK), Binary Phase-shift keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK). In this work the idea of sinusoidal signals that have been generated is plain sailing in nature and based on fundamentals of signal sampling and quantization. Such concept of sinusoidal signals generation is not unfamiliar but somehow simplified using sampling and quantization in time and amplitude domain, respectively. The whole simulation is done on Modelsim and Xilinx-ISE using VERILOG Hardware descriptive language. The work has been accomplished on Thirty two bit serial data transmission with self-adjustable carrier frequency and bit duration length

EVALUATING THE BEST POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AS SOLID DISPERSION CARRIER BY TAKING ETORICOXIB AS A MODEL DRUG

Objective: The main objective of the current research is focused in discovering the best polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solid dispersion carrier using etoricoxib (ECB) as a model drug. Methods: Varieties of PEG, namely PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 6000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000, were evaluated as a carrier for making ECB solid dispersions. ECB:PEG was taken in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. The solid dispersions were prepared by microwave fusion method and compressed using 8 station tablet compression machine. The fabricated solid dispersion tablets were tested for physicochemical characteristics and drug release rates. The release of ECB from the prepared solid dispersions was further analyzed kinetically using the first order and Hixson-Crowell’s plots. Results: All the solid dispersion batches were shown satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. ECB solid dispersion batches with PEG - 6000 showed good solubility in distilled water (up to 2.29±0.01 μg/ml) and in 0.1 N HCl (up to 2.18±0.01 μg/ml) when compared with ECB alone (0.21±0.01 μg/ml and 0.32±0.01 μg/ml). The prepared solid dispersions with PEG 6000 are shown good ECB release. Conclusion: Among PEG carriers, PEG - 6000 was found to be the best carrier for increasing the solubility and release rate of ECB form the solid dispersions compared to PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000

Clastogenicity of sugar factory effluent using Allium assay

In the current study, an attempt was made to assess the physicochemical parameters of distillery effluent and its cytotoxic effects on root tip cells of onion (Allium cepa L.). The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were found to be very high in the effluent. The onion bulbs were treated with different concentrations of the distillery effluent (25, 50, 75 and 100%) at room temperature. The percentage mitotic index and relative division rate were found to be decreased significantly as the concentration of the effluent increased. On the other hand, mitotic inhibition percentage and relative abnormality rate were found to increase as the effluent concentration increased. The chromosomal abnormalities were found to be increased as the concentration of the effluent increased when compared to the control. The observed chromosomal abnormalities include sticky metaphase, disturbed chromosome, sticky telophase, multipolar chromosome, laggards, fragmented metaphase, fragmented anaphase, scattered anaphase and chromosomal bridge. From the present study, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of the effluent inhibit cell division when compared to the control.Â

AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC RULES ABIDING CONTROL: AN IDEA FOR ACCIDENT-FREE WORLD

The World is moving so fast, so that impatience is seen in every sector. This has increased entropy in breaking the rules, and thereby increasing the number of accidents. Hence, to control the accidents, each vehicle is provided with a microcontroller 8051. The microcontroller kit is used to continuously monitor the speed of the vehicle and data is logged for every second. The acceleration of the vehicle is calculated continuously. The Signal status and time is transmitted to the vehicle at a certain distance infront of the signal through RF Transmitter. The microcontroller once receiving this data via RF Receiver takes up the current speed and acceleration in the calculation and finds the possible distance which the vehicle can cover with that particular speed and time.This distance is then compared with the *cover distance. Based on the result, the signal is sent to the driver, and a message is displayed in LCD Screen. In the negative case, if the driver doesn’t react for 2 seconds the vehicle is made to stop before the signal, by sending an interrupt. Here, in the positive case, the vehicle functions as such manual drive. If the driver has reacted, then the control remains with the driver. With the control being automated, the fuel supplied to the vehicle is reduced. By this way, the power driving the vehicle is cut. Based on the load in the vehicle, the brakes are applied automatically.The connection with each controller is cut as soon as it crosses the signal. The range of the transmission is set such. By this way, the drivers are made to abide by the rules, and hence the accidents can be prevented in the real world. The work is most successful in the case of electric vehicles, where the speed of the vehicle is reduced just by decreasing the supply to the motor. An intermediate module is used to control the speed by varying the supply

A questionnaire based study to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among exam going second year undergraduate medical students in a South Indian teaching hospital

Background: Pharmacovigilance not only helps in the early detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) but also facilitates the identification of both, risk factors and the underlying mechanism. To increase the reporting rate, it is essential to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals regarding ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance, especially during undergraduate and postgraduate education. The objective of this study was to assess the KAP about pharmacovigilance among exam-going second-year undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 150 exam-going second-year undergraduate students from Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore from April 2022 to June 2022. A validated questionnaire consisting of 22 questions divided into 3 sections; knowledge, attitude, and practice was used. Statistical analysis of data was done using an MS excel spreadsheet.Results: Out of the 150 participants 133 had good knowledge about ADR and pharmacovigilance. Majority of the students agreed that reporting of ADRs is necessary (95.3%), mandatory (95.3%), and should be included in pharmacology practicals (94.7%). Only 29.3% of the students had witnessed an ADR and none of the participants had ever reported an ADR indicating poor practice among the undergraduate students.Conclusions: Students had good knowledge and positive attitude towards ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance. Practice regarding pharmacovigilance was found to be poor, indicating the need for training the undergraduate students in ADR reporting by including ADR recognition and reporting as a part of clinical posting curriculum

Secure Digital Information Forward Using Highly Developed AES Techniques in Cloud Computing

Nowadays, in communications, the main criteria are ensuring the digital information and communication in the network. The normal two users' communication exchanges confidential data and files via the web. Secure data communication is the most crucial problem for message transmission networks. To resolve this problem, cryptography uses mathematical encryption and decryption data on adaptation by converting data from a key into an unreadable format. Cryptography provides a method for performing the transmission of confidential or secure communication. The proposed AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)-based Padding Key Encryption (PKE) algorithm encrypts the Data; it generates the secret key in an unreadable format. The receiver decrypts the data using the private key in a readable format. In the proposed PKE algorithm, the sender sends data into plain Text to cypher-text using a secret key to the authorized person; the unauthorized person cannot access the data through the Internet; only an authorized person can view the data through the private key. A method for identifying user groups was developed. Support vector machines (SVM) were used in user behaviour analysis to estimate probability densities so that each user could be predicted to launch applications and sessions independently. The results of the proposed simulation offer a high level of security for transmitting sensitive data or files to recipients compared to other previous methods and user behaviour analysis