The Association of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity with Coronary Artery Disease Evaluated by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

<div><p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and to evaluate baPWV as a predictor of obstructive CAD on CCTA. A total of 470 patients who underwent both baPWV and CCTA were included. We evaluated stenosis degree and plaque characteristics on CCTA. To estimate the severity of CAD, we calculated the number of segment with plaque (segment involvement score; SIS), stenosis degree-weighted plaque score (segment stenosis score; SSS), and coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The mean baPWV was 1,485 ± 315 cm/s (range, 935-3,175 cm/s). Non-obstructive (stenosis < 50%) and obstructive (stenosis ≥ 50%) CAD was found in 129 patients (27.4%) and 144 (30.6%), respectively. baPWV in patients with obstructive CAD was higher than that of patients with non-obstructive (1,680 ± 396 cm/s versus 1,477 ± 244 cm/s, <i>P</i> < 0.001) or no CAD (1,680 ± 396 cm/s versus ± 196 1,389 cm/s, <i>P</i> < 0.001). baPWV showed significant correlation with SSS (<i>r</i> = 0.429, <i>P</i> < 0.001), SIS (<i>r</i> = 0.395, <i>P</i> < 0.001), CACS (<i>r</i> 0.346, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the number of segment with non-calcified plaque (<i>r</i> 0.092, <i>P</i> = 0.047), mixed plaque (<i>r</i> = 0.267, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and calcified plaque (<i>r</i> = 0.348, <i>P</i> < 0.001), respectively. The optimal baPWV cut-off value for the detection of obstructive CAD was 1,547 cm/s. baPWV ≥ 1,547 cm/s was independent predictor for the obstructive CAD. In conclusion, baPWV is well correlated with the severity of CAD evaluated by CCTA. baPWV has the potential to predict severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis.</p></div

The associations between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and severity of coronary artery disease.

<p>Graphs show the associations of baPWV with segment stenosis score (A), segment involvement score (B), and coronary artery calcium score (C).</p

Independent predictor of obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary CT angiography.

<p>baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p><p>Independent predictor of obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary CT angiography.</p

Baseline characteristics of study patients.

<p>LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of study patients.</p

The associations between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and plaque characteristics of coronary artery disease.

<p>Graphs show the associations of baPWV and the number of coronary segment with noncalcified plaque (A), mixed plaque (B), and calcified plaque (C). NCP, non-calcified plaque; MP, mixed plaque; CP, calcified plaque.</p

ROC curve analysis identifying best cut-off value of baPWV predicting obstructive CAD.

<p>ROC, receiver-operating characteristic; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; CAD, coronary artery disease; AUC, area under curve; CI, confidence interval.</p

Additional file 1 of Association between the number of pregnancies and cardiac target organ damages: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korean women’s chest pain registry (KoROSE)

Supplementary Table S1. Clinical characteristics according to pregnancy number. Supplementary Table S2. Parameters of target organ damage according to pregnancy number. Supplementary Table S3. Adjusted risk of nulliparity for obstructive CAD, increased LV mass index and LV diastolic dysfunction. Supplementary Table S4. Clinical characteristics according to pregnancy number before and after propensity score matching. Supplementary Table S5. The risk of higher number of pregnancy (≥3) for obstructive CAD, increased LV mass index and LV diastolic dysfunction in propensity score matched set

Additional file 1: of Assessment of clinical effect and treatment quality of immediate-release carvedilol-IR versus SLOW release carvedilol-SR in Heart Failure patients (SLOW-HF): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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