Clinical parameters of control and type 2 diabetic patients.

<p>Data are means +/− SD or median (interquartile range).</p>*<p>UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.</p>†<p>UNCR: urine nephrin-to-creatinine ratio.</p>‡<p>P for trend across the 4 categories.</p>§<p>P <0.05 vs. Control.</p

Synaptopodin, podocin, and nephrin are significantly downregulated in diabetic nephropathy (DN) as compared to controls (Con).

<p>Representative staining of synaptopodin in Con (A), DN (B), podocin in Con (E) and DN (F), and nephrin in Con (I) and DN (J). Negative controls without administration of primary antibody are represented for synaptopodin (C), podocin (G), and nephrin (K). Quantification of synaptopodin (D), podocin (H), and nephrin (L) positive area per glomerular tuft in Con (12 patients) and DN (15 patients). Horizontal lines represent the median value. *Number of DN biopsies for nephrin was 11 due to lack of remaining tissue.</p

Correlations between urine nephrin-to-creatinine ratio (UNCR) and clinical markers of renal disease.

<p>A) Log transformed UNCR correlates significantly with macroalbuminuria (<i>rho</i> = 0.82, p<0.0001) and microalbuminuria (<i>rho</i> = 0.66, p = 0,02), and not significantly with normoalbuminuria (<i>rho</i> = 0.34, p = 0.09) when divided into groups according to level of albuminuria.</p

Correlations of urine nephrin-creatinine ratio (UNCR) with clinical parameters.

<p>Correlations were determined by calculations of Spearman <i>rho.</i></p>*<p>UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.</p>†<p>ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.</p>‡<p>ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.</p

Clinical characteristics of control and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.

<p>Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and % for categorical variables.</p>*<p>Urine protein-creatinine ratio not available for control patients as their urinalyses did not show proteinuria.</p>†<p>ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.</p>‡<p>ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers.</p