11 research outputs found

    Scent marking in grey wolves

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    Current status and prospects of development of Eurasian lynx population in central and western Poland

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    How to estimate the wolf population in Poland?

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    Wolf (Canis lupus) ecology in areas recolonized in western Poland in XXI century

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    To protect, we should know! Modern methods of research and monitoring of rare mammals in forests

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    Skuteczna ochrona oraz zarz膮dzanie populacjami rzadkich i chronionych gatunk贸w zwierz膮t wymaga poznania ich rozmieszczenia, liczebno艣ci, wielko艣ci area艂贸w osobniczych, dynamiki populacji i najpowa偶niejszych zagro偶e艅 dla ich przetrwania. W odniesieniu do tych zwierz膮t, kt贸re prowadz膮 skryty tryb 偶ycia, maj膮 du偶e area艂y i s膮 bardzo mobilne, jest to zadanie trudne. Niezb臋dne jest w takiej sytuacji zastosowanie nowoczesnych metod badawczych takich jak np.: telemetria, analizy genetyczne i GIS. Telemetria, wykorzystuj膮ca znakowanie zwierz膮t za pomoc膮 specjalnych nadajnik贸w, jest metod膮 szeroko stosowan膮 na ca艂ym 艣wiecie, zw艂aszcza w odniesieniu do gatunk贸w rzadkich i zagro偶onych. Obecnie nowoczesne nadajniki zaopatrywane s膮 m. in. w modu艂 GPS oraz czujniki r贸偶nych parametr贸w aktywno艣ci zwierz臋cia oraz cech otaczaj膮cego go 艣rodowiska. Zebrane przez nadajnik informacje mog膮 by膰 przekazywane drog膮 radiow膮, satelitarn膮 lub poprzez sie膰 GSM. Telemetria umo偶liwia 艣ledzenie zwierz膮t i zbieranie szczeg贸艂owych danych o ich ekologii, bez wp艂ywania na ich naturalne zachowanie. Jako jedyna metoda umo偶liwia badanie dalekodystansowych w臋dr贸wek zwierz膮t, ponadto zaliczana jest do najmniej inwazyjnych metod badawczych. Istotnych danych na temat ekologii gatunk贸w dostarczaj膮 tak偶e analizy genetyczne. Materia艂 genetyczny mo偶e pochodzi膰 nie tylko z pobranych tkanek zwierz膮t, ale tak偶e z ich odchod贸w. Analizy genetyczne dostarczaj膮 informacji m.in. na temat: wyst臋powania danego gatunku (np. skrajnie trudnego do wykrycia innymi metodami), liczebno艣ci lokalnej populacji, jej pokrewie艅stwa z s膮siednimi populacjami, stopnia izolacji i kierunku przep艂ywu osobnik贸w pomi臋dzy populacjami. Techniki GIS umo偶liwiaj膮 gromadzenie i tworzenie komputerowych baz danych o wyst臋puj膮cych w lasach gatunkach. Dane te mog膮 by膰 przetwarzane i wizualizowane w formie warstw zawieraj膮cych wybrane grupy informacji na podk艂adzie mapy cyfrowej terenu. Umo偶liwia to prowadzenie analiz w odniesieniu do dowolnie wybranych czynnik贸w 艣rodowiskowych, antropogenicznych, klimatycznych, topograficznych itp. Kompleksowe zastosowanie tych metod umo偶liwia tworzenie skutecznych program贸w ochrony i restytucji gatunk贸w, a tak偶e ich siedlisk i korytarzy migracyjnych.Effective conservation and population management of rare and protected species requires a wide knowledge of their distribution, number, home ranges, ecology, population dynamics, and main threats for their survival. With regard to elusive animals, nocturnal species, those having large home ranges and traveling long distances, obtaining this knowledge is a very difficult task. Such situations require the use of modern research methods such as telemetry, genetic analyses, and GIS technics. Telemetry, in which individual animals are marked with transmitters, is a widely applied method throughout the world, particularly in studies of rare and endangered species. It allows researchers to track animals and collect data on their behaviour, ecology, and dispersal. Modern transmitters are equiped with GPS units and sensors for different parameters, such as the body of the animal, activity level of the individual, and parameters for the surrounding environment. Collected data can be stored in the attached unit or sent to a researcher by radio, satellite, or GSM network. Genetic analyses can also provide researchers with a great deal of information important to animal conservation, such as the presence of elusive species in the habitat, the exact number of the local population, relativeness with neighbouring populations, isolation degree, direction of gene flow between local populations, etc. Fresh faeces can be used as a source of genetic material. Modern GIS technics and software allow computing and creation of large databases on endangared species. Data collected with all methods can be stored and processed as layers presenting selected groups of information on digital maps of the study area. These layers also help researchers analyse collected information regarding any chosen environmental, topographical, climatic, or human-caused factors. Implementation of these methods and technics allows the development of effective programs for species conservation and recovery, including conservation of their habitats and migration corridors

    Proposal of the methodology for the basic monitoring of the use of wildlife crossings structures by terrestrial mammals

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    European beaver in the wolf diet in Wigry National Park

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    Factors influencing the activity of bats over streams in the Western Beskidy Mountains

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    Badania prowadzono w latach 2000-2005, w Kotlinie 呕ywieckiej i Beskidzie 艢l膮skim. Celem bada艅 by艂o zidentyfikowanie czynnik贸w wp艂ywaj膮cych na sk艂ad gatunkowy i aktywno艣膰 nietoperzy nad potokami p艂yn膮cymi w艣r贸d drzewostan贸w o odmiennej strukturze przestrzennej, gatunkowej i wiekowej. R贸偶norodno艣膰 gatunkowa nietoperzy oraz ich aktywno艣膰 by艂a najni偶sza nad potokami p艂yn膮cymi w艣r贸d zwartych i ma艂o zr贸偶nicowanych monokultur 艣wierkowych w Beskidzie 艢l膮skim. Najwy偶sz膮 aktywno艣膰 i r贸偶norodno艣膰 gatunkow膮 nietoperzy zanotowano nad potokami w Kotlinie 呕ywieckiej, p艂yn膮cymi w艣r贸d starych drzewostan贸w, gdzie korony drzew nie os艂ania艂y nurtu. Dla skutecznej ochrony ca艂ego zgrupowania nietoperzy konieczne jest kszta艂towanie zr贸偶nicowanej struktury ro艣linno艣ci porastaj膮cej brzegi ciek贸w wodnych. Niezwykle istotne jest tak偶e zachowanie drzewostan贸w starych, stanowi膮cych pod wieloma wzgl臋dami dogodniejsze 艣rodowisko bytowania nietoperzy, ni偶 drzewostany m艂ode.Studies were conducted in the 呕ywiecka Basin and Silesian Beskid Mountains, in 2000-2005. The aim of study was to identify factors influencing species composition and activity of bats over streams sourrounded by woodlands with different space, species, and age structures. The diversity of bat species and their activity was lowest over streams flowing through thick and weakly-diversified monocultures of spruce in the Silesian Beskid Mts. The highest diversity and level of bat activity was recorded in the 呕ywiecka Basin, over streams which flow through old-growth woods, where tree canopy did not shadow the stream current. For effective protection of the entiree bat community, it is necessary to shape a diverse collection of plant structures overgrowing banks of streams. Protection of old-growth forest is extremely important, as these forests provide better habitat for bats than younger forests

    Composition of the wolf's Canis lupus L. diet in the Wigry National Park

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    The diet of wolves Canis lupus L. was assessed in the Wigry National Park in North-Eastern Poland, which overlaps with the Natura 2000 site "Ostoja Wigierska". The content of a total of 149 scat samples was collected in 2017 and analysed in order to determine dietary composition. Wolves primarily feed on wild ungulates, which make up 75.4% of food biomass. Despite the fact that wild boar Sus scrofa L. and red deer Cervus elaphus L. dominate in the ungulate community in the study area, the primary prey species was observed to be roe deer Capreolus capreolus L. with 39.6%, while red deer and wild boar only constituted 18.7% and 8.3% of the food biomass, respectively. Additionally, beaver Castor fiber L. was found to be an important prey (10.9%) as well and livestock accounted for 15.1% of all biomass consumed. The livestock eaten by wolves also included carcasses of domestic animals illegally disposed of in the forest. We therefore conclude that decisions on the management of the wolf's food base within protected areas, such as national parks or Natura 2000 sites, should be preceded by intensive local studies

    Occurrence of the Eurasian lynx in the Roztocze and Solska Forest

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