Correction of astigmatism with toric intraocular lenses

The purpose of this article is to explain how astigmatism can be eliminated during cataract surgery by using toric intraocular lenses (IOLs). The toric IOL calculation is analysed as well as the various types of toric IOLs. The toric IOL implantation technique is also explained and thoroughly analysed. Moreover, the possibility of residual astigmatism after the surgery is discussed as well as the reasons for this and how to deal with it

Diagnosis and management of a patient with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2

This is a case report discussing the case of a patient with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2. The diagnosis and the management of the patient are analysed as well as the possible factors that attribute to the appearance of idiopathic macular telangiectasia

Fundus autofluorescence and multicolour imaging comparison in assessing disease severity in patients suffering from geographic atrophy. A case series analysis

INTRODUCTION. The aim of the study is to determine which depicting modality, fundus autofluorescence or multicolour imaging, is a better diagnostic tool in the monitoring of the progression of geographic atrophy in patients with severe dry macular degeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Fifty patients (93 eyes) participated in this study. OCT examination (Spectralis HRA + OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) was performed in order to confirm that they fit the criteria to proceed in the study. In all patients, fundus autofluorescence and multicolour imaging was performed. RESULTS. The area of geographic atrophy was depicted with both modalities and useful information was obtained. In some cases, multicolour imaging provided more useful clues and in other cases the fundus autofluorescence provided useful information for the progression of the disease. CONCLUSIONS. Both modalities provide a wide range of useful information about the progression of geographic atrophy in patients with severe dry age-related macular degeneration and should both be performed in order to gather all the useful information about the disease progression

Cataract surgery and Fuchs’ dystrophy

In this article, Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy is discussed. The symptoms and early treatment are analysed, as well as the hereditary nature of the disease. Surgical approach is thoroughly analysed and the advantages and disadvantages of a potential combined procedure (partial keratoplasty and cataract surgery) are discussed

Calculation of IOL power after refractive surgery

The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the methods used nowadays to calculate intraocular lens (IOL) power in post refractive surgery patients. All the reasons why the standard way of calculating IOL power do not work in post refractive surgery patients are analysed. Moreover, other formulas that can calculate the IOL power are described. The importance for the surgeon to understand the advantages and limitations of each method is stressed. The necessity of new, even more accurate methods to exist is also pointed out

Wet age-related macular degeneration combined with branch retinal vein occlusion

To disclose a case of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) combined with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The prognosis and the treatment are discussed. A 77-year-old woman presented with wet AMD of the left eye. The patient was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab of the left eye with improvement of visual acuity and resolution of intra-retinal and sub-retinal fluid. One year after the last injection the patient developed a BRVO of the same eye. A flame shaped haemorrhage was observed, and OCT examination showed cystic macular oedema. Fluorescein angiography showed that there was an active lesion of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), areas of ischaemia, delayed filling and emptying of the affected vein, micro aneurisms, and telangiectatic changes. The co-existence of BRVO and active WET AMD was documented by fluorescein angiography. The co-existence of both diseases has not been described in the literature until today. This co-existence makes the prognosis worse and diminishes the patient’s visual acuity

1.8-mm coaxial microincision cataract surgery with the Stellaris Vision Enhancement System

The purpose of this review is to analyse the benefits of phacoemulsification with 1.8-mm coaxial microincision cataract surgery using the Stellaris Vision Enhancement System. The Stellaris operating system and its advantages are explained and analysed. Other techniques are also referred to. The surgical technique of 1.8-mm microincision cataract surgery using Stellaris is described and some essential and helpful tips are explained. The Stellaris Enhancement System makes 1.8-mm microincision cataract surgery fast and easy for the surgeon, leading to high rates of patient satisfaction from the first postoperative days

Fungal keratitis after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

This is a case report discussing the case of a patient with fungal infection after undergoing a descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). The pathogenesis and possible treatment options of fungal keratitis are discussed. Also, the precautions that should be taken in order to prevent fungal keratitis in patients undergoing DSAEK are referred to.

Neurotrophic keratopathy — case reports analysis and management

This is a case series of patients suffering from neurotrophic keratopathy. The main categorisation of the disease is discussed as well as the management that should be followed on each stage. Several cases of patients with neurotrophic keratopathy are analysed and the treatment (different on every patient) of them is presented. Newer substances that are beginning to be used in the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy are discussed as well

Broken intraocular lens haptic during cataract surgery

This is a case report describing a planned routine cataract surgery that was complicated intraoperatively by breakage of the trailing haptic of the intraocular lens. The possibility of lens implantation despite the broken haptic is discussed, and the patient’s postoperative course one month after the surgery is described, in this report