Formation of productivity of sowing peas depending on technology measures of cultivation in the conditions of the western forest-steppe

In the conditions of the western Forest-steppe, leguminous crops, including sowing peas, are the main and most important source of vegetable protein, which solve the biological and ecological problems of modern agriculture in Ukraine. The article presents the main research results on the study of the effect of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators on the formation of the sowing peas productivity in the conditions of the western Forest-steppe. The field trifactor experiment was laid in the ten-field crop rotation in Podillia Research Center of State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, during 2016–2018. The field experiment was laid down in the research ten-digit crop rotation. In microstages VVSN 55-65 (budding – flowering) crops were sprayed with growth regulators PlantaPeg, Еmistim С and Vympel. The studies carried out showed that the individual productivity of plants of the Chekbek variety was the best of all the varieties that were studied. It was found, that high indices of the mass of 1000 seeds were in the variants, where mineral fertilizers were used at a dose of N30P30K45 with the plant growth regulator Vympel. According to this fertilizer composition, the mass indices of 1000 seeds for peas of the Chekbek variety were 266.4 g, and for the Hotivskyi and Fargus varieties – 260.6 g and 238.4 g, respectively. The grain yield of peas is an integrated indicator of the action of all life factors on the plant organism during its growth and development. To a large extent, it depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, the supply of moisture and nutrients to the plant, technological methods of cultivation, as well as natural and climatic conditions. In our studies, the crops, fed with mineral fertilizers and growth regulators, were significantly less exposed to adverse factors, and the studied technology elements had a positive effect on the productivity of pea grain. The maximum biological yield was for the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30P30K45 and the plant growth regulator Vympel. For the varieties of Hotivskyi peas, these indicators were 3.79 t/ha, Chekbek 4.32 t/ha, and Fargus 3.30 t/h

Assessment of Phytoremediation of 137Cs Contaminated Soils During the Cultivation of Nectar-Pollinating Plants

The man-made activity of mankind has led to the emergence of many global problems and caused the deterioration of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil). Of particular concern is the contamination of agricultural land with toxicants, in particular, radionuclides, which, entering the soil – plant – human body food chain, can reach toxic levels. Therefore, an important task is the removal of hazardous substances from the soil. Phytoremediation can be one of the effective methods for reducing its pollution. The article examines the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soils contaminated as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in certain territories of Polissia of Ukraine (Korosten district of Zhytomyr region). Nectar-pollinating plants were selected for the research, which was carried out for two years: great globe-thistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), and white melilot (Melilotus albus). The results of the research showed that in the dry vegetative mass of milk thistle, great globe-thistle, and white melilot, the specific activity of 137Cs over the two years of research was in the range from 30.8 Bq/kg to 238.5 Bq/kg, the accumulation coefficient – from 0.135 to 0.985, and the hazard coefficient – from 0.055 to 0.395. The highest indicators of specific activity and accumulation coefficient of 137Cs were observed in the vegetative mass of the white melilot, which amounted to 238.5 Bq/kg and 0.96, respectively, comparatively lower values – 2.3 times and 2.3 times were found in the vegetative mass of milk thistle, 2.8 times and 7.1 times – in the vegetative mass of the great globe-thistle. At this level of accumulation of 137Cs in the vegetative mass of nectarine plants from the soil, on average, over two years of research, 1130550 Bq of this radionuclide was removed from the soil per hectare of agricultural land with milk thistle, 621250 Bq with great globe-thistle, and 2851650 Bq with white melilot. The removal of 137Cs with the vegetative mass of nectarine plants reduced the content of this radionuclide in the soil per 1 kg – from 3.4% to 8% on average over two years of research

Assessment of Phytoremediation of 137 CS Contaminated Soils during the Cultivation of Nectar-Pollinating Plants

The man-made activity of mankind has led to the emergence of many global problems and caused the deterioration of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil). Of particular concern is the contamination of agricultural land with toxicants, in particular, radionuclides, which, entering the soil – plant – human body food chain, can reach toxic levels. Therefore, an important task is the removal of hazardous substances from the soil. Phytoremediation can be one of the effective methods for reducing its pollution. The article examines the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soils contaminated as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in certain territories of Polissia of Ukraine (Korosten district of Zhytomyr region). Nectar-pollinating plants were selected for the research, which was carried out for two years: great globe-thistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), and white melilot (Melilotus albus). The results of the research showed that in the dry vegetative mass of milk thistle, great globe-thistle, and white melilot, the specific activity of 137Cs over the two years of research was in the range from 30.8 Bq/kg to 238.5 Bq/kg, the accumulation coefficient – from 0.135 to 0.985, and the hazard coefficient – from 0.055 to 0.395. The highest indicators of specific activity and accumulation coefficient of 137Cs were observed in the vegetative mass of the white melilot, which amounted to 238.5 Bq/kg and 0.96, respectively, comparatively lower values – 2.3 times and 2.3 times were found in the vegetative mass of milk thistle, 2.8 times and 7.1 times – in the vegetative mass of the great globe-thistle. At this level of accumulation of 137Cs in the vegetative mass of nectarine plants from the soil, on average, over two years of research, 1130550 Bq of this radionuclide was removed from the soil per hectare of agricultural land with milk thistle, 621250 Bq with great globe-thistle, and 2851650 Bq with white melilot. The removal of 137Cs with the vegetative mass of nectarine plants reduced the content of this radionuclide in the soil per 1 kg – from 3.4% to 8% on average over two years of research

Formation of the Yield of Matricaria recutita and Indicators of Food Value of Sychorium intybus by Technological Methods of Co-Cultivation in the Interrows of an Orchard

This study was aimed at theoretical generalizations and experimental results of research on the influence of the combined cultivation of medicinal plants wild chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and root chicory (Sychorium intybus L.) in the rows of gardens, which actualizes the issue of increasing productivity in industrial orchards. We the authors strive strove to increase the efficiency of growing research crops using fruit plantations, thereby ensuring a shortened payback period for capital investments spent on their creation. The conducted scientific studies have shown that the effect of aster yield on the content of bioactive substances in medicinal plant raw materials depends on the type of soil and climatic conditions of the studied territory, the cultivar, the sowing period, the genetic characteristics of the seeds, and the sowing conditions. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the patterns of crop formation of the presented medicinal plants in the inter-row orchard according to the elements of agricultural techniques of cultivation in under the agroecological conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. As a result of the conducted research, the expediency of cultivating existing plants on the area of the allotted plot was confirmed. The optimal timing of autumn sowing for cultivar ‘Perlyna Lisostepu’ with a seeding rate of 6 kg/ha and a yield of dry mass of inflorescences of 1.81 t ha−1 was studied. The main indicators of the seedless method of planting chicory root crops of the second year for wintering in the open ground were established, while 35-40 t ha−1 of high-quality root crops were obtained. Using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the raw materials of chamomile medicinal cultivars ‘Perlyna Lisostepu’ and ‘Bodegold’ were investigated for the content of flavonoids, chamazulene and its derivatives, as one of the important indicators of the quality of the essential oil, as the component composition of the root chicory cultivars ‘Umansky-99’ and ‘Umansky-97’, in relation to the quantitative ratio hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in a 1:1 infusion. Accumulation of inulin continued throughout the growing season of root chicory, reaching the optimal content at the beginning of technical ripeness, and the highest rate was 11.5–17.51% in the sub-winter sowing period

Accumulation of Chemical Elements in the Vegetative Mass of Energy Cultures Grown on Gray Forest Soils in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Today, energy crops that are undemanding to soil fertility are increasingly used for the production of biofuel, electricity, and heat. Favorable climate, large areas of agricultural lands of Ukraine create the necessary conditions for growing the most popular energy crops, which will be able to supply the domestic market, as well as export. The article is aimed at studying the accumulation of chemical elements Phosphorus (Р), Potassium (К), Copper (Сu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) in the vegetative mass of Miscanthus, Silphium perfoliatum L. and Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby for their cultivation in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine on gray forest soils. The article presents the results of own field and laboratory research